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Published byMelanie Preston Modified over 9 years ago
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Biological Control Strategies
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Bio-control Strategies Classical Biological Control Augmentation - Inundation - Inoculation Conservation Biological Control
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Classical Biological Control Definition The intentional introduction of an exotic biological control agent for permanent establishment and long-term pest control (Eisenberg et al. 2001)
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The enemy release hypothesis
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Introducing a Natural Enemy Identify center of origin Foreign exploration Quarantine and mass production Release and establishment Post-establishment evaluation
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Case Study: Vedalia versus cottony cushion scale
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California 1868 California 1880 The Cotton Cushion Scale
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Albert Koebele Traveled to Australia in 1888 Foreign Exploration
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Natural Enemies Found and Shipped! Rodolia cardinalis
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Natural Enemy Released
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1890: Cotton Cushion scale no more Problem Solved!
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Other Imported Natural Enemy of the Cotton Cushion Scale
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Californians Were Thankful
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Case Study: Controlling the Cassava Mealybug
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Classical Biological control
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Successful classical biological control cases
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New Associations
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The percentage of control is low
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Some Terminology Establishment Complete control Substantial control Partial control
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To Improve Classical Bio-Control Success: Climate matching Stable habitats Simple food webs Pest and natural enemy are specialists Pest feed unconcealed Pests are gregarious Numerous releases (different species)
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Consider that: Bio-control take sometime to kick The cost-benefit ratio when established is always high
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