1. Geothermal Energy Joanne Smith UK projections 2000-2030 February 24 th 2005

2. Why and How? Earths internal heat. Deeper into earth, hotter the env. Geothermal gradient 15℃-50℃ per km. Water surrounding hot rocks gets heated. High enthalpy >150℃ Low enthalpy <150℃

3. Advantages Scarce emissions into atmosphere. Geothermal heat always available. Small operating costs. Higher load factor than other resources. No need for storage facilities at plant.

4. Disadvantages Not possible in all places. Undesirable gases given off. Noise problems- electricity generation. Problems of deposition in pipes. Induced seismicity and ground subsidence.

5. Geothermal energy UK Possible sites of deep geothermal aquifers Water at suitable temp for heating.

6. Southampton 76 ℃ at 1800m. District Heating Scheme. 2MW plant. 30,000MWh/yr heat. 1,200MWh/yr chilled water. 20 major consumers inc ASDA.

7. Future Projections Taken over 20 years to build 2MW plant. Wearbourne set to be 2MW. Improvements in technology. Estimated Build Rate of 1 20MW plant every 5 years. All thermal energy, no electricity. Load Factor 65%

8. Future Projections YearThermal energy PJ 20000.003 20100.0063 20200.013 20300.019

9. Cost of future Projections Year Cumulative cost of construction in £million 20001.24 20103.72 20206.2 20308.68