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Published byColin Long Modified over 9 years ago
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FISH
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I. Characteristics of Fish A. Fish are over 1/2 the vertebrates on Earth.
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The internal skeleton allows vertebrates to grow larger than invertebrates.The internal skeleton allows vertebrates to grow larger than invertebrates.
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The backbone of vertebrates provide support and protect the dorsal nerve cord.The backbone of vertebrates provide support and protect the dorsal nerve cord.
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B. The study of fish is called ichthyology.
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C. Fish are adaptive for living in water.
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SchoolSchool –fish have comfortable swimming room. PodPod –fish bodies touch as they swim.
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EctothermicEctothermic –cold-blooded. Cannot control their body temperature.Cannot control their body temperature. EndothermicEndothermic –warm-blooded. Maintain a constant body temperature.Maintain a constant body temperature.
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1. have gills for breathing. 2. have paired fins & streamlined shape for easy movement.
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3. have skin covered with scales 4. Most have lateral line system
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a. Lateral line system is a row of sensory structures that run the length of the body on each side.
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b. Lateral line system detects vibrations & chemicals in the water.
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II. Three Classes of Fish
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A. Class Agnatha - Jawless Fish 1. Examples
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a. Lamprey 1. parasites 2. feed on blood 3. locate prey with sense of smell
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Lamprey
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b. Hagfish 1. scavengers 2. feed on dead or dying fish
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2. Characteristics of Class Agnatha a. mouth is a ring b. slimy skin with no scales
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c. Good sense of smell d. some are parasites e. some are scavengers
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B. Class Chondrichthyes - Cartilage Fish 1. Examples
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a. Sharks b. Rays 2. General Characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes
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a. skeleton made of cartilage not bone b. most are carnivores - meat eaters
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c. skin is covered with placoid scales - tooth like spines which make it feel like sandpaper
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Hammerhead
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3. Characteristics of Sharks a. upper portion of tail is longer than lower portion.
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b. has 6 to 20 rows of backward pointing teeth which can be replaced if worn down or broken
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Megalodon Teeth
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c. sharp sense of smell- can detect blood in water up to 500 meters (546 yards) away
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d. most must move constantly to pass water over their gills (NO swim bladder). e. eggs are fertilized internally.
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1. Males have modified fins called claspers that carry sperm through grooves into the female.
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2. Most females give live births; others lay large yolky eggs.
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4. Characteristics of Rays a. have flattened bodies with wing- like fins
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b. are bottom dwellers c. feed on mollusks & crustaceans d. have barbed stinger on the end of its tail for defense
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Puffer Fish
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C. Class Osteichthyes 1. Examples a. perchb. bass c. troutd. tuna
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Poisonous Lion Fish
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2. About 95% of all fish belong to this class. 3. Types of bony fish a. Lobe-finned
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1. have paddle like fins 2. Example - a.Coelacanths
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b. Lung Fish 1. have lungs & gills 2. live in shallow tropical ponds that dry up in summer
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3. bury themselves in mud until ponds refill c. Ray - finned 1. live in all waters
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2. most numerous of all fish
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FINS Dorsal-keeps upright.Dorsal-keeps upright. Caudal- propels.Caudal- propels. Pelvic- steers.Pelvic- steers. Pectoral- steers.Pectoral- steers. Anal- steers.Anal- steers.
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Raising and lowering the fins help fish regulate body temperature.Raising and lowering the fins help fish regulate body temperature.
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SWIM BLADDER a.k.a. gas bladdera.k.a. gas bladder –acts like a float as it fills up with gas to go higher and lower in the water. –Lacking in cartilage fish.
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External Adaptations Chromatophores- color pigments.Chromatophores- color pigments. Countershading- dark on top;light on bottom.Countershading- dark on top;light on bottom. Operculum- shield over the gills.Operculum- shield over the gills.
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HEART (2 chambers) ATRIUMATRIUM –receives blood from the body. VENTRICLEVENTRICLE –pumps the blood.
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BRAIN Cerebrum- instincts.Cerebrum- instincts. Cerebellum- muscle coordination.Cerebellum- muscle coordination. Olfactory-smell.Olfactory-smell. Optic- sight.Optic- sight. Medulla oblongata- internal organs.Medulla oblongata- internal organs.
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DIGESTIVE Liver- makes bile.Liver- makes bile. Gall bladder- balloon-like sac that stores bile.Gall bladder- balloon-like sac that stores bile. Spleen- blood reservoir.Spleen- blood reservoir. Pancreas- secretes insulin.Pancreas- secretes insulin.
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REPRODUCTION SPAWNINGSPAWNING –process of laying eggs by the female and releasing sperm (MILT) over them by the male.
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Gone Fishing
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