1. Unit Eleven: The Nervous System: C
Unit Eleven: The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology
Chapter 56: Contributions of the Cerebellum
And Basal Ganglia to Overall Motor Control
Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12 edition

2. Cerebellum and Its Motor Functions
The cerebellum plays major roles in the timing
of motor activities and in rapid, smooth
progression from one muscle movement
to the next.
The basal ganglia help to plan and control complex
patterns of muscle movement
Cerebellum helps to sequence motor activities
and monitors and makes corrective adjustments
during motor activities

3. Cerebellum and Its Motor Functions
The cerebellum receives continuously updated
information from the brain motor control areas
Aids the cerebral cortex in planning sequential
movements

4. Anatomical Functional Areas of the Cerebellum
Fig Anatomical lobes of the cerebellum Fig Functional parts of the cerebellum

5. Anatomical Functional Areas of the Cerebellum
Fig Somatosensory projection areas in the cerebellar cortex Fig Principle afferent tracts to the cerebellum

6. Anatomical Functional Areas of the Cerebellum
Fig Spinocerebellar tracts Fig Principle efferent tracts from the cerebellum

7. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Fig The left side of this figure shows the basic neuronal circuit of the cerebellum,
with the excitatory neurons shown in red, and the inhibitory neuron (Purkinje
cell) shown in black.

8. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Cerebellum has nearly 30 million nearly
identical functional units; a Purkinje cell
on a corresponding deep nuclear cell
Three major layers
Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granule cell layer

9. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Neuronal Circuit of the Functional Unit
Purkinje fibers and deep nuclear cells fire
continuously under normal resting conditions
Balance between excitation and inhibition at the
deep cerebellar nuclei
Other inhibitory cells
Basket cells
Stellate cells

10. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Turn-On/Turn-Off and Turn-Off/Turn-On Output
Signals from the Cerebellum
The Purkinje Cells Learn to Correct Motor Errors-
Role of the Climbing Fibers

11. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Function of the Cerebellum in Overall Motor Control
Vestibulocerebellum functions in association with the
brain stem and spinal cord to control equilibrium and
postural movements
Spinocrebellum-feedback control of distal limb move-
ments
Prevention of overshooting of movements and
to “damp” movements
2. Control of ballistic movements

12. Functional Unit of the Cerebellar Cortex
Function of the Cerebellum in Overall Motor Control
Cerebrocerebellum-function of the large lateral zone
to plan, sequence, and time complex movements
Planning of sequential movements
Timing function
Extramotor predictive functions

13. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Fig Anatomical relations of the basal ganglia to the cerebral cortex and thalamus

14. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Neuronal Circuitry
Fig Relation of the basal gangli circuitry to the
corticospinal-cerebellar system for movement
control

15. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Function of the Basal Ganglia in Executing Patterns
of Motor Activity—the Putamen Circuit
Fig Putamen circuit

16. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Neural Pathways of the Putamen Circuit
Abnormal function
Athetosis
Hemiballismus
Chorea

17. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Role of the Basal Ganglia for Cognitive Control of
Sequences of Motor Patterns—Caudate Circuit
Fig Caudate circuit through the basal ganglia

18. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Function of the Basal Ganglia to Change the Timing
and to Scale the Intensity of Movements
Brain must determine how rapidly the movement is
to be performed, and
b. Control how large the movement will be

19. Basal Ganglia-Their Motor Functions
Functions of Specific Neurotransmitter Substances
in the Basal Ganglial System
Fig

20. Integration of the Many Parts of the Total Motor Control System
Spinal Level
Hindbrain Level
Motor Cortex Level
Associated functions of the cerebellum
Associated functions of the basal ganglia