1. Lesson 22 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic, Pt 2

2. Allied Strategy Protect existing shipping Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet Go on the offensive against the U-boats Improve intelligence on U-boat operations Close Mid-Atlantic Gap Develop Hunter-Killer teams

3. Signals Intelligence Source Enigma ( SIGINT )

4. Enigma Source

5. Enigma Source Bletchley Park Alan Turing’s “Bombe”

6. Enigma Source British intelligence received its first Enigma machine in 1939 from Polish military Additional machines captured by Royal Navy May 9, 1941: U-110 off Iceland October 30, 1942: U-559 in the Mediterranean USN captured U-505, June 4, 1944

7. Direction Finding High Frequency Direction Finding (HF/DF) “Huff-Duff” ( ELINT ) German subs required to report positions Allies used information to reroute convoys Later used to direct Hunter- Killer task forces

8. Source: The World At War Mid-Atlantic Gap

9. Maritime Patrol Aircraft Source RAF Liberator USAAF A-29 Hudson RAF Fortress Blimps

10. Maritime Patrol Aircraft Caught On The Surface – Robert Taylor RAF Sunderland Flying Boat – Coastal Command vs. U-461 20 July 1943 – Bay of Biscay Source

11. Airborne Detection Tools Leigh Light Powerful aircraft light for night attacks Introduced June 1942

12. Airborne Detection Tools Airborne Radar Permitted location of submarines in bad weather and at night First U-boat kill November 1941 RAF Coastal Command Liberator Mk III with ASV radar Antenna Detail

13. Pioneering video documentary 1952-53

14. Going on the Offensive (0 – 7:04)

15. Escort Carrier T-3 Tanker USS Bogue Built in Kaiser shipyards on T-3 tanker hulls

16. Escort Carrier Comparison With Fleet Carrier

17. USS Bogue CVE-9 Source Displacement: 7,800 tons standard; 15,700 tons full load (design) Length: 495' 8" (151.1 m) Beam: 111.5' (34 m) Power plant: 2 boilers (285 psi); 1 steam turbine; 1 shaft; 8,500 shp Speed: 16.5 knots Armament: 2 single 5"/51 (later 5"/38) gun mounts; (1943) 8 twin 40- mm/56-cal gun mounts; (1943) 27 single 20-mm/70-cal gun mounts Aircraft: 24 Aviation facilities: 2 elevators; 1 hydraulic catapult Crew: 890 Laid Down: 1 Oct 41 Launched: 15 Jan 42 Commissioned: 28 Sep 42

18. Hunter-Killer Team

19. Hunter Becomes the Hunted U-118 under attack by aircraft from USS Bogue June 12, 1943 Source

20. Battle of the Atlantic Won ( 1:48:30 – 1:54:10 )

21. Capture of U-505 Task Force 22.3 June 4, 1944 Escort carrier Guadalcanal (CVE-60) Five destroyer escorts: Pillsbury (DE-133) Pope (DE-134), Flaherty (DE-135), Chatelain (DE-149), Jenks (DE-665) Captain Dan Gallery Commander

22. Capture of U-505 ( 18:12 – 25:27 )

23. Capture of U-505 Boarding Party Arrives from USS Pillsbury June 4, 1944

24. Capture of U-505 First USN combat prize since War of 1812

25. Capture of U-505 USS Guadalcanal towing U-505

26. Players in U-505 Capture Captain Daniel V. GalleryLT(jg) Albert L. David

27. Players in U-505 Capture Captain Daniel V. Gallery Commander, Task Group 22.3 After capture, Navy did not know what to do with him Set his sights on capturing a U-boat Decorate him Court martial him Eventually promoted him to rear admiral Why?

28. Players in U-505 Capture LT(jg) Albert L. David Asst. Engineering Officer on USS Pillsbury Led boarding party to U-505 Remained inside sub despite threat of scuttling charges & open sea valves Awarded Medal of Honor Only MOH awarded for Battle of Atlantic

29. May 1943: The Turning Point “What is now decisive is that enemy aircraft have been equipped with a new location apparatus … which enables them to detect submarines and attack them in low cloud, bad visibility, or at nights. Much the largest number of submarines now being sunk are being sunk by aircraft. … These losses are too high. We must now husband our resources because, to do anything else, would simply be to play the enemy’s game” Admiral Dönitz to Hitler, May 1943

30. U-boat Losses By Month U-boat.net

31. Ship Losses 1940 - 1945

32. Ships Lost vs. Built 1939-1945 Source

33. US Shipbuilding Source Ships Built by US Maritime Commission 1939-1947 US Maritime Commission 5,500+ ships

34. Losses Museum of Science & Industry, Chicago

35. Victory in the Atlantic ( 25:26 - 26:29)

36. "The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea, in the air, depended ultimately on its outcome.” Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Volume V, Closing the Ring 1951

37. The Second Battle of the Atlantic “The German people do not understand the sea” Attributed to Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930)

38. Lesson 24 WW II: America Enters the War

39. Lesson Objectives Understand the Japanese and American strategies for the war in the Pacific and Asia. Analyze the impact of the military revolution during the interwar years on the war in the Pacific theater. Become familiar with the timeline of events in the Pacific war. Understand the significance of the Battle of Midway and the role of signals intelligence in the outcome.