1. Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN

2.  Made of  2 kidneys  2 ureters  Urinary bladder  Urethra

3.  Position  Posterior abdominal wall  Retroperitoneum  Extension T12 – L3  Right kidney lower than left due to liver on right side

4.  Bean shaped  Enclosed by “Renal fascia”

5.  Superiorly  Right Adrenal Gland  Anteriorly  Right lobe of liver  Duodenum  Hepatic flexure of colon  Posteriorly  Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall muscles

6.  Superiorly  Left Adrenal Gland  Anteriorly  Stomach  Spleen  Pancreas  Jejunum  Splenic flexure of colon  Posteriorly  Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall muscles

7.  Cortex  Medulla consisting of  Pyramids  Minor calyx  Major calyx  Renal pelvis

8. 1.Renal pyramid 2.Interlobar artery 3.Renal artery 4.Renal vein 5.Renal hilum 6.Renal pelvis 7.Ureter 8.Minor calyx 9.Renal capsule 10.Inferior pole 11.Superior pole 12.Interlobar vein 13.Nephron 14.Renal sinus 15.Major calyx 16.Renal papilla 17.Renal column

9.  ARTERIES  Right & Left Renal Arteries from Abdominal aorta  VEINS  Right & Left Renal veins – draining into Inferior vena cava  Left Renal V. longer than right

11.  Tubes that convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder  25 – 30 cm  Passes  Behind periotenum  Into pelvic cavity  Passes obliquely through the posterior wall of bladder – prevents reflux of urine

13.  Roughly pear shaped  Oval shaped when filled with urine  Posterior surface – Base  Urethra starts at neck  Peritoneum covers superior surface only

15.  Total capacity of bladder – 600 ml  Awareness to mictuirate – 300 – 400 ml  Trigone of bladder  Internal urethral sphincter – involuntary  External urethral sphincter – voluntary

17.  Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology – Chapter 13; Pages 336 - 344