1. Ch. 11 Vocabulary Words Social Studies: Reconstruction

2. The period of time after the Civil War when lots of rebuilding took place.

3. Reconstruction

4. The right to vote.

5. Suffrage

6. To separate races, classes or groups.

7. Segregation

8. An office established after the Civil War that provided services for African Americans.

9. Freedman’s Bureau

10. Previously called Big Luck; became a railroad boomtoom.

11. Roanoke

12. An unfair difference in the treatment of people.

13. Discrimination

14. A system set up where a landowner provided workers with a piece of land in return for a share of their crops.

15. Sharecropping

16. A fee a person had to pay in order to vote.

17. Poll Tax

18. Town located in Blue Ridge Mountains and is known for its caves/caverns.

19. Luray

20. A system of laws and rules that separated African Americans and white people.

21. Jim Crow

22. Community leader who helped to improve lives of African Americans by encouraging hard work and saving money (1 st woman bank president).

23. Maggie Lena Walker

24. Reconstruction was…

25. the period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild country.

26. Virginias faced many problems during Reconstruction:

27. 1) Railroads, bridges, plantations, and crops were destroyed. 2) Money had no value. 3) Banks were closed.

28. Virginia’s land and plantations lost their value after the Civil War because …

29. because the system of farming based on slavery was in ruin.

30. The Freedmen’s Bureau:

31. 1) Helped build over 200 schools. 2) Helped over fifty thousand African Americans learn to read and write. 3) Provided African Americans with medical care.

32. Sharecropping facts:

33. 1) It seemed to meet the needs of poor white farmers and African Americans. 2) Sometimes landowners made unfair deals with sharecroppers. 3) Sharecroppers could easily become trapped into a lifetime of poverty.

34. Before Virginia could rejoin the Union, …

35. it had to write a new state constitution.

36. African Americans took advantage of their new rights by:

37. 1) Serving in town governments. 2) Winning seats in the Virginia General Assembly. 3) Becoming judges.

38. Virginia wrote a new constitution in 1902 to make it …

39. harder for African Americans to vote.

40. The Jim Crow laws were…

41. a system of laws designed to separate African Americans and whites.

42. Effects of the Jim Crow Laws:

43. 1) Increased poll taxes. 2) Difficult voting tests. 3) Separate schools for African Americans and whites.

44. Effects of Railroads on Virginia’s Recovery:

45. 1) Helped small towns grow into cities. 2) Brought new industries to Virginia. 3) Made communication and transportation easier.

46. Richmond in the late 1800s:

47. 1) Became a center of African American business. 2) Richmond’s mills produced tons of flour. 3) Maggie Walker founded the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond.

48. Virginia Agriculture in the late 1800’s:

49. 1) Most farmers had small farms. 2) Farmers grew a wider variety of crops, such as potatoes and apples. 3) Railroads made it easier and cheaper for farmers to ship their crops to market.

50. What part of Virginia grew when coal deposits were discovered there after the Civil War?

51. Tazewell County in Southwestern, VA.

52. Describe the challenges that Virginians faced after the Civil War.

53. Virginia’s bridges, roads, and railways were unusable. Crops, fields, and livestock were destroyed. Virginia’s cities had been reduced to piles of rubble. Virginia was deeply in debt. Money had no value and banks were closed.

54. Land that had once sold for over $150 an acre now sold for $2 an acre. Also, Virginia had lost many of its best and brightest young people during the war.

55. Why was the Freedman’s Bureau established? Name at least two purposes it served.

56. It was set up to provide food, schools, and medical care for freed slaves and others in Virginia and the rest of the South after the Civil War because they did not have the ability to provide these things themselves.

57. What system of farming was used in Virginia after the Civil War? How did it work?

58. Sharecropping was used in Virginia after the Civil War. Freedmen and poor white farmers rented land from a landowner promising to pay the owner with a share of the crop.

59. How did the railroads change towns?

60. Railroads caused towns to grow in size and population.

61. How did the railroads change industries and jobs?

62. Railroads brought new and diverse industries to VA and created jobs and opportunities for many people.

63. How did the railroads change communication and transportation?

64. Railroads made communication between people in different parts of the state easier and made transportation easier and cheaper.