1. Summarize the definitions to these words on a piece of notebook paper: Primary Source: Primary sources are original materials. They are from the time period involved and have not been filtered through interpretation or evaluation. Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based. They are usually the first formal appearance of results in physical, print or electronic format. They present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information. Secondary Source: Generally, they are accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather commentary on and discussion of evidence. However, what some define as a secondary source, others define as a tertiary source. Context is everything. Bias: Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair; when an author shows favoritism to one thing over another based on his or her beliefs

2. The Colonies

3. Why Did People Settle in America? Religion Money Slaves Debtors

4. Roanoke: 1585 First attempt at a colony in America After 10 months, everyone disappeared No one knows what happened to the 116 colonists, though new DNA evidence suggests they joined the neighboring Native American tribes The word “Croatan” carved on a post is the only thing they left behind

6. Jamestown: 1607 First permanent British settlement in the US Sent by King James I of England to make money 4/5 of the people who came died – A year later, only 38 of the original 144 (mostly male) settlers were alive – Area where they landed was fertile but lots of them starved to death – BLAME TOBACCO? Brought indentured servants John Smith came over and led. Remember him from Pocahontas?

8. Plymouth and the Mayflower Compact Pilgrims, 1620 : religious group seeking religious freedom Separatist Puritans Mayflower= their boat Before they landed on New England coast, they drew up the Mayflower Compact to ensure all members of group would obey rules – First written contract in the New World – Like a constitution – Agreed to have a government and fair, equal laws Many died in first year Native Americans helped with crops Successful, but later swallowed up by larger Massachusetts Bay colony

10. Puritans VERY strict Christian group Believed every person needs to be able to read the Bible – Established colleges and public education – Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth Ended up kicking out of THEIR colony anyone that didn’t follow the rules – They came for religious freedom, but only if you were a Puritan, too – Because of this, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire were established

11. Quakers and Pacifism in Pennsylvania King Charles II owed money to William Penn’s dad, so he gave him the land that included Pennsylvania (1682) and part of Delaware Penn was a Quaker (Christian religion that supports pacifism and human equality) – Brought people to escape religious persecution – Safe-haven for all faiths (like people kicked out of Massachusetts Bay where the Puritans were in charge), inc. Catholics, Jews, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Baptists, and Dutch Reformed Church members – “No advantage is to be taken on either side, but all is to be openness, brotherhood, and love”… city of brotherly love, Philly – Maintained good relations with Native Americans

13. Other Colonies Georgia was established as a debtor’s colony Florida was held by Spain New York was settled by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam

15. How does geography impact settlement? Near waterways for transportation of people and cargo Access to Atlantic Ocean for trade and communication Geographical barriers (rivers and mountains) impede transportation Climate dictated which crops could be grown and how often

16. The Colonies New England Colonies—Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island (Vermont and Maine came later) Middle Colonies—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Southern Colonies—Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia