1. Kennedy and The Cold War 1960-1963

2. Ch 20 Section1 JFK and the Cold War
What was the new military policy of JFK’s Administration?
What was the crisis over Cuba?
Why was Berlin a Cold War symbol of the 1960’s?

3. JFK’s Military Policy
Kennedy built up the conventional and nuclear weapons systems to deter the USSR and to close the missile gap with the Soviets
Between military spending increased 30%, $43 billion to $56 billion
The Special Forces or Green Berets were created
Kennedy expanded the CIA and
and Black Operations

4. The Bay Of Pigs Invasion
Fidel Castro had led a revolution in Cuba and seized power from Batista in 1959
JFK learned of a CIA planned approved by IKE to train Cuban exiles and allow them to attack Cuba, and overthrow Castro
In April 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles never reached the beach
The air strike failed and Castro waited with 25,000 troops and Soviet Weapons
Kennedy, CIA, and the US were embarrassed on the world stage, total fiasco

8. Southeast Asia
Kennedy sent in hundreds of Green Berets when the Vietcong Communist Guerrillas attacked South Vietnam and the US supported Ngo Dinh Diem
By ,000 US troops had been sent to South Vietnam
Diem lost the support of the people and protest erupted (Ex. Buddhist Monks)
Upon approval from the CIA Diem was assassinated by his Generals
Americans witnessed the protests through TV, US causalities increased

10. The Berlin Crisis In 1961 Khrushchev and JKF met in Vienna, Austria
JKF felt he looked weak and second best
Khrushchev threatened to force the Western powers out of West Berlin
3 million East Germans had fled to West Berlin since the end of WWII
JFK told Americans we stay in Berlin
August 13th, 1961 Khrushchev responded by allowing East Germany to construct The Berlin Wall

19. The Cuban Missile Crisis
In the summer of 1962 the Khrushchev began shipping Soviet Offensive Nuclear Missiles to Castro In Cuba
The US had Offensive Missiles in Turkey
In October 1962 U-2 Spy planes took pictures of the weapons that could reach the US in minutes and destroy American cities

23. Kennedy’s Options Invade Cuba? Soviet Troops were present
Bomb the Sites? Sneak Attack?
Naval Blockade around Cuba, or a “Quarantine”

27. Brink of Nuclear War
The US was on DEFCON 3, 100,000 US troops readied in Florida to invade Cuba
The Naval Blockade was in place around Cuba
The Soviet Cargo Ships stormed to the blockade, but then turned around
Days later Khrushchev pledged to remove the missiles if we pledged not to invade Cuba, and secretly months later we removed our missiles from Turkey
RFK was instrumental in dealing with the Soviet ambassador

31. Outcomes of the Crisis
Khrushchev prestige was damaged, JFK looked stronger, but he was criticized for brinksmanship
The Hot-line was established between Washington/Moscow
JFK wanted to relax Cold War Tensions
In 1962 the US and the USSR agreed to the Limited Test Ban Treaty which banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere