1. Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole Mica schist Pegmatitic granite Serpentinite, skarn, black schist = Outokumpu assemblage Depth (m)Lithology Main ore belt Prot. metasediments Prot. granitoids

2. 0100 Mica schist Pegmatitic granodiorite Serpentinite, skarn, black schist = Outokumpu assemblage Study site – Details Drilled 2004 – 2005 2516 m deep Ø 22 cm Uncased beneath 39 m Fractured ~ 1.9 Ga crystalline bedrock Temperature + 40ºC at the bottom Salinity up to 70 g/L

3. Sampling at Outokumpu Tube sampling Leutert Positive Displacement Sampler Sampling by the ICDP Operational Support Group

4. Sampling at Outokumpu II

5. Research and results Research projects 2007-2014: Deep Life (Academy of Finland), GEOMOL, KABIO, SALAMI (Research programs on nuclear waste management): Microbiology by VTT, geochemistry by GTK Isotope studies: H2O, CH4, Noble gases =>… –Origin, evolution, residence time of groundwater Geochemistry, gas composition –Nutrients, energy source of deep life Diversified microbial community –Depth, geology(?), water chemistry 5

6. High salinity and abundant gases

7. Methane isotopes, microbial diversity 7

8. Future Outokumpu DDH not drilled for microbial purposes (only) But may serve as a reference site Potential for future research 8