1. Today’s Lecture Summary: Cellular reproduction Binary fissionBinary fission MitosisMitosis MeiosisMeiosis Reading Assignment: Chapter 8

2. Learning Outcomes: By the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to: - explain the difference between binary fission, mitosis and meiosis - list and describe the steps of mitosis and meiosis - list the processes by which cell division is regulated and explain what happens to cells that don’t respond to these regulatory mechanisms - explain the processes that lead to genetic variation during meiosis - explain the chromosomal problems that can occur during meiosis

3. Cell division:

4. Cell division functions: - Growth & development - Tissue renewal - Reproduction

5. Binary fission occurs in prokaryotic cells:

6. Binary fission:

8. Human karyotype: ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes

9. Female karyotype: Male karyotype:

10. Genes: nucleotide sequences of DNA.

11.  The location of the gene on the chromosome is called the locus (plural: loci).  Different forms of a gene are called alleles.

12. Homologous chromosomes are the same in size, shape and genetic information.

13. Mitosis:

14. Mitosis (cont.):

15. Mitosis in Animal Cell (LM):

16. Mitosis in Plant Cell:

19. Normal cells vs. Cancer cells:

20. Cancerous breast tumor:

21. The asexual reproduction of a hydra:

22. Each couple has one daughter and one son. Which child belongs to which couple?

23. couple 2couple 1couple 1couple 2

24. Meiosis: sexual reproduction

25. Meiosis occurs in two phases: Meiosis I: Meiosis II:

26.  A cell with two copies of a chromosome is diploid (2N).  A cell with one copy of a chromosome is haploid (N).

29. Independent assortment during meiosis:

30. Crossing over during meiosis:

32. Down karyotype (Trisomy 21):

33. Down syndrome:

34. Alteration of chromosome number due to non-disjunction during meiosis I:

35. Non-disjunction during meiosis II:

36. Fertilization after non-disjunction:

37. Abnormal numbers of sex chromosomes:

38. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY): Turner syndrome (XO):

39. Alterations of chromosome structure:

40. Alterations of chromosome structure (cont.):

41. Translocation associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML):

42. Today’s Lecture Summary: Cellular reproduction Binary fissionBinary fission MitosisMitosis MeiosisMeiosis Reading Assignment: Chapter 8

43. Check for understanding…

44. 1. Starting w/ a single cell, a series of 5 mitosis events would yield a total of how many cells? 2. A chemical prevents the production of DNA; what step in mitosis would be prevented? 3. a) A cell w/ 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis to produce daughter cells w/ _____ chromosomes b) A cell w/ 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis to produce daughter cells w/ _____ chromosomes 4. How is reciprocal translocation different from normal crossing over?

45. Complete the table below: