1. 1 Session 3 Presentation of the analytical work on post primary education Youth Employment and the World of Work: What Skills Need to be Developed? Presenters: Hans Krönner, Richard Walther 1 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

2. 2 The Economic and Social Realities  Largely informal economy, enterprises and jobs  Mostly rural population and activities  High demand for adaptation to an increasingly global market  Strong need for quality, entrepreneurship and added value 2 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

3. 3 The Economic and Social Realities Share of the informal economy: between 30% and 60% of GDP CountryShare of informal sector jobs South Africa31% (all sectors) Angola66% (urban sector) Benin95% (all sectors) Cameroon90.4% (all sectors) Ethiopia90.8% (all sectors) Morocco39% (urban sector) Senegal77.5% (Dakar, urban sector) 3 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

4. 4 The Realities of PPE (1)  Many young people unable to go to school  A formal TVET with little resources and weak impact  Serious difficulties of social and professional integration among the youth  A world of work that shows preference for the less trained and less qualified 4 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

5. 5 The Realities of PPE (2) Training of young people entering into the labor market On-the-job training Self training Traditional apprenticeship 5 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa Formal training (about 5%) Informal or non-formal training (95%)

6. 6 On-going Changes in PPE  Country strategies incorporating formal, non formal and informal training  Strong rise in alternative vocational training mechanisms  Emergence of public-private partnerships  Increasing demand for skills associated with local, sector-wide and rural development 6 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education: Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

7. 7 Challenges (1)  Define, design and implement policies, mechanisms and content of training through partnerships  Invest more and better in the training of young people as well as of adults  Put in place a national qualifications framework to certify skills acquired formally, non-formally and informally  Make vocational education and training more attractive 7 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education : Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

8. 8 Challenges (2)  Foster access and integration of out-of-school youth, girls and ex-soldiers…  Better training and qualification for better integration  Train young people to take initiative, be autonomous and have an entrepreneurial spirit  Train young people in strategic and promising vocations 8 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education : Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa

9. 9 For a Renovated System of PPE  How to set up a system in a process of partnership?  How to embed diverse training avenues in a coherent overall system?  How to link economic effectiveness and social equity? 9 ADEA’s 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond primary education : Challenges and approaches for expanding learning opportunities in Africa