1. Child Development Unit 3
3.1 Pregnancy

2. Increase of uterus size Enlarged/tender breasts Nausea
Signs of Pregnancy
Missing a period
Increase of uterus size
Enlarged/tender breasts
Nausea
Increased need to urinate

3. Stage of the zygote(ovum)
Prenatal Development
Stage of the zygote(ovum)
Lasts two weeks

4. Stage of the embryo 3rd-8th week Muscles, bones, organs are developed
Baby is enclosed in a fluid-filled pouch called the amniotic sac
The amniotic fluid protects the baby
Tissue connecting the embryo to the uterine wall becomes the placenta

5. The umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the placenta
Baby gets nutrients through the umbilical cord and placenta and returns waste products back to the mother the same way

6. Stage of the fetus
9th – 40th week
Baby rapidly increases in size

7. Physical Changes of Pregnancy
Pregnancy divided into trimesters – each are 3 months long
1st trimester – gain 2-4 pounds, sleepy, emotional swings

8. 2nd trimester – abdomen enlarges, gain about a pound per week
4th or 5th month begin to feel movements of fetus like flutters which is called quickening
6th month can see baby kicking
3rd trimester – gain about a pound per week
Baby drops head down into pelvis which is called lightening

9. Common Discomforts Back pain Nausea varicose veins Tired Mood swings
Frequent urination
Shortness of breath
Heartburn
Muscle cramps

10. Complete medical history Weight and height
First Medical Exam
Complete medical history
Weight and height

11. Head-to-toe physical exam
Urine sample
Blood drawn to determine
blood type
if you are anemic (low in iron)
Rh factor: substance present in 85% of poplulations blood
If rh- and partner is rh+ the fetus will be rh+ which will produce a substance that enters the pregnant womans blood and fights the fetal red blood cells

12. Pelvic exam Estimates due date Feel and check uterus and vagina
Measure pelvis to make sure large enough to allows baby to pass
Checks cervix and does a pap smear
Estimates due date
280 days from the beginning of the pregnant woman’t last menstrual period

13. High Risk Pregnancies Family history of genetic disorders Under age 17
Rh incompatibility with partner
Previous history of pregnancy problems
Under age 17
Over age 35
Underweight
Overweight
Heart disease
diabetes

14. can detect more than 100 birth defects
Prenatal test
can detect more than 100 birth defects
Ultrasonography – high frequency sound waves are bounced off the developing fetus to produce a video image
Determines skeletal and internal organ birth defects

15. Amniocentesis – checks for abnormal chromosomes in fetus
Doctor inserts a needled through the wals of the mother’s abdomen and uterus
Doctor withdraws amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus in the uterus

16. Chorionic villus sampling – doctor inserts a catheter through the vagina into the uterus
Doctor withdraws small amount of tissue
Done during 10th week of pregnancy
Checks for chromosome abnormalities

17. Miscarriage - body expels the embryo/fetus before it can fully develop
Termination
Miscarriage - body expels the embryo/fetus before it can fully develop
Usually something wrong with the baby when this happens
Abortion – removal of fetus
Done during 1st trimester

18. Warning Signs Vaginal bleeding Fever Swelling of face/hands
Severe vomiting
Severe headaches
Blurred vision
Vaginal discharge
Fever
Painful urination
Preterm labor
Absence of fetal movement for 6 hour period during 3rd trimester

19. 3.2
Prenatal Care

20. Eat a balanced diet Keep exercising Gain about 25-35 pounds
A healthy pregnancy
Eat a balanced diet
Keep exercising
Gain about pounds

21. Weight Gain Fetus = 7.5 lbs. Uterus = 2 Placenta = 1.5
Amniotic fluid = 2
Blood volume = 3
Extracellular fluid = 2
Breast tissue = 1
Body fat = 9

22. Dangers to Fetus X-rays Tobacco Alcohol Caffeine Drugs
Prescription medications
Sexually transmitted diseases
X-rays

23. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
High blood pressure
Protein may be detected in urine which is called toxemia or preeclampsia
Rapid weight gain, severe headaches, blurred vision
Can lead to convulsions and coma, which is called eclampsia – can be fatal to mother and baby

24. 3.3
Birth

25. Labor
Begins with contractions- tightening and relaxing motions of the muscles of the uterus. They help push baby out.
Cervix dilates – Before labor the cervix is the size of a nickel – and it enlarges to 4 inches (10 cm)

26. First Signs of Labor
Show – pink discharge which tells you that the mucous plug, which sealed cervix, has become loose
False labor – contractions that do not get stronger

27. First Signs of Labor cntd.
Progressing contractions – longer, stronger, closer together
Rupture of amniotic sac – amniotic fluid leaks out of vagina. This tells you that the sac surrounding baby has broken

28. First Stage of Labor
Monitor vital signs with a fetal monitor
Lasts hours
How do the contractions progress?

29. First Stage of Labor
at 1st- every 20—25 minutes and last for 45 seconds
Then – every couple minutes and last for 60 to 90 seconds
At end of 1st stage, dilated to 3 cm

30. Begins when the cervix is fully dilated
2nd Stage of labor
Begins when the cervix is fully dilated
Ends when the baby has been pushed out of the birth canal
How long does this stage last?
45 minutes

31. Lanugo – fine hair covering baby
2nd Stage of labor
They say the baby has vernix and lanugo – what is this?
Vernix – white, greasy material, which keeps baby’s skin from absorbing all of the amniotic fluid surrounding it
Lanugo – fine hair covering baby

32. 3rd stage of Labor This stage takes about 10 minutes.
What happens? – placenta is delivered. This takes about 10 minutes

33. So, What happens when the baby is born?
Born head down with face toward moms backbone
The baby’s head crowns
Body rotates to one side – which helps shoulders emerge

34. Oh no – The baby won’t come out!
Doctors will use forceps – an instrument for reaching into the birth canal and pulling the baby out

35. What is the baby is breech?
What does breech mean? – baby is born with feet and buttocks appearing first
What can they do to help the baby? – might use forceps to help deliver

36. Cesarean Birth
Procedure to deliver baby through an opening cut in the mother’s abdominal wall and uterus
25% of all births in the U.S.

37. Care of the Neonate
A neonate is a newborn baby.
Baby is given the APGAR

38. A is for…
Appearance or skin color
Whole body should be pink
If any part of body is blue it loses points

39. P is for…
Pulse or heart rate
Normal is beats per minute
If it is under 100 it loses points

40. G is for… Grimace or reflex response They prick the baby’s heel
It withdraws foot or cries
If it doesn’t it loses points

41. A is for…
Activity or muscle tone
Should have a strong, active motion

42. R is for…
Respiration or breathing
Should breath and cry good

43. They asked if I want my son to be circumcised?
What is this?
Procedure in which the foreskin is cut away from the head of the penis
Purpose is to help prevent infection