1. Pregnancy: genetics, conception, fetal development Lectures 10 N.Petrenko, MD, PhD

2. Cell Division. Mitosis

3. Cell Division. Mitosis vs Meiosis

4. Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis

5. Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis primary spermatocytes (46) 2 haploid secondary spermatocyte(22X+22Y) 4 Spermatids

6. Gametogenesis: Oogenesis

7. Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis

8. Ovum

9. Sperm

10. Fertilization

11. Fertilization

12. Fertilization

13. Implantation

14. Implantation

15. Early Developmental Stages Primary Germ Layers

16. Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm During gastrulation, three major cell lineages are being established. They are the Ectoderm (shown in the diagram as blue), Mesoderm (red) and Endoderm (yellow). Following gastrulation, various cell lineages are derrived from these three primary cell types. For example, the Ectoderm gives rise to the epidermis and its derrivatives such as nails, hair and teeth. On the other hand, the Ectoderm also gives rise to the Central Nervous System.

17. Development of the embrio

18. Membranes

19. Umbilical cord

20. Placenta. Structure

22. Extraembryonic Membranes & Placenta Formation Figure 29–5 (1 of 3)

23. G. Fetus at 2-3weeks

24. I. The Fetus at 5 weeks

25. K. The Fetus at 7 weeks

26. L. Fetus at 8-9 weeks old

27. 12 WEEKS(3 months)

28. 14 WEEKS (3 1/2 months)

29. 15-18 WEEKS ( 4-4 1/2 months)

30. WEEK 22 (2 1/2 months)

31. WEEK 26 (6 1/2 Months

32. WEEK 30 (7 1/2 months)

33. FULL TERM (36 -40 weeks)

34. Respiratory Changes During Pregnancy

35. Using the “Wheel”

36. Expected Physical Changes - Reproductive System

37. Uterine Sizing

38. Accuracy of Dating by Ultrasound Gestational Age weeks) Ultrasound Measurements Range of Accuracy < 8Sac size+ 10 days 8-12CRL+ 7 days 12-15CRL, BPD+ 14 days 15-20BPD, HC, FL, AC+ 10 days 20-28BPD, HC, FL, AC+ 2 weeks > 28BPD, HC, FL, AC+ 3 weeks

39. Bones and Joints of the Pelvis

40. The Diagonal Conjugate

41. The Ischial Spines

42. The Pelvic Outlet

43. Leopold's Maneuvers - are used to determine the orientation of the fetus through abdominal palpation. 1. Using two hands and compressing the maternal abdomen, a sense of fetal direction is obtained (vertical or transverse)..

44. 2. The sides of the uterus are palpated to determine the position of the fetal back and small parts.

45. 3. The presenting part (head or butt) is palpated above the symphysis and degree of engagement determined

46. 4. The fetal occipital prominence is determined.