2. Gerard Manley Hopkins Gerard Manley Hopkins Born at Stratford, Essex, England, on July 28, 1844, Gerard Manley Hopkins is regarded as one the Victorian era's greatest poets. He was raised in a prosperous and artistic family. He attended college in Oxford in 1863, and studied Classics. Born at Stratford, Essex, England, on July 28, 1844, Gerard Manley Hopkins is regarded as one the Victorian era's greatest poets. He was raised in a prosperous and artistic family. He attended college in Oxford in 1863, and studied Classics. In 1866, Hopkins was received into the Roman Catholic Church. Hopkins soon decided to become a priest himself, and in 1867 he entered a Jesuit novitiate near London. At that time, he vowed to "write no more...unless it were by the wish of my superiors." Hopkins burnt all of the poetry he had written to date and would not write poems again until 1875. He spent nine years in training at various Jesuit houses throughout England. He was ordained in 1877 and for the next seven years carried his duties teaching and preaching in London, Oxford, Liverpool, Glasgow, and Stonyhurst. In 1866, Hopkins was received into the Roman Catholic Church. Hopkins soon decided to become a priest himself, and in 1867 he entered a Jesuit novitiate near London. At that time, he vowed to "write no more...unless it were by the wish of my superiors." Hopkins burnt all of the poetry he had written to date and would not write poems again until 1875. He spent nine years in training at various Jesuit houses throughout England. He was ordained in 1877 and for the next seven years carried his duties teaching and preaching in London, Oxford, Liverpool, Glasgow, and Stonyhurst.

3. In 1884, he became a professor of Greek at the Royal University College in Dublin. He died five years later from typhoid fever. Although his poems were never published during his lifetime, his friend poet Robert Bridges edited a volume of Hopkins' Poems that first appeared in 1918.

4. Never saw his work published Never saw his work published Is considered the most innovative of the Victorian poets Is considered the most innovative of the Victorian poets Very difficult to get along with. Very difficult to get along with. Came up with the idea of inscape- each being in the universe enacts its identity. Came up with the idea of inscape- each being in the universe enacts its identity.

5. The individually distinctive inner structure or nature of a thing. The individually distinctive inner structure or nature of a thing. Man is the most “selved” being in the universe and thus recognizes the inscape of other beings (the act of instress). Man is the most “selved” being in the universe and thus recognizes the inscape of other beings (the act of instress).

6. Recognizing the inscape in others leads one to God, because the inscape is a divine creation. Recognizing the inscape in others leads one to God, because the inscape is a divine creation. Poetry was a celebration of inscape by capturing the specific identity of his subjects Poetry was a celebration of inscape by capturing the specific identity of his subjects

7. In his journals, Gerard Manley Hopkins used two terms, "inscape" and "instress," which can cause some confusion. By "inscape" he means the unified complex of characteristics that give each thing its uniqueness and that differentiate it from other things, and by "instress" he means either the force of being which holds the inscape together or the impulse from the inscape which carries it whole into the mind of the beholder: In his journals, Gerard Manley Hopkins used two terms, "inscape" and "instress," which can cause some confusion. By "inscape" he means the unified complex of characteristics that give each thing its uniqueness and that differentiate it from other things, and by "instress" he means either the force of being which holds the inscape together or the impulse from the inscape which carries it whole into the mind of the beholder: There is one notable dead tree... the inscape markedly holding its most simple and beautiful oneness up from the ground through a graceful swerve below (I think) the spring of the branches up to the tops of the timber. I saw the inscape freshly, as if my mind were still growing, though with a companion the eye and the ear are for the most part shut and instress cannot come. There is one notable dead tree... the inscape markedly holding its most simple and beautiful oneness up from the ground through a graceful swerve below (I think) the spring of the branches up to the tops of the timber. I saw the inscape freshly, as if my mind were still growing, though with a companion the eye and the ear are for the most part shut and instress cannot come.

8. Lines have a set number of stresses, but the placement is varied Lines have a set number of stresses, but the placement is varied Lóok at the stárs! Lóok! Look úp at the skíes! O lóok at all the fíre- fólk sítting in the áir The bríght bóroughs, the círcle- cítadels thére! Dówn in the dím woods the díamond délves! The élves eyes!