1. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 1 GIS in Prevention County Profiles Series, No. 3 Vanderburgh County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP The Indiana Prevention Resource Center at Indiana University is funded, in part, by a contract with the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, financially supported through HHS/Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant. The IPRC is operated by the Department of Applied Health Science and The School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation. THE INDIANA PREVENTION RESOURCE CENTER

2. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms GIS in Prevention County Profile Series, No. 3 Vanderburgh County, Indiana Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP Project Staff: Indiana Prevention Resource Center Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the Trustees of Indiana University or the Division of Mental Health and Addiction. Indiana University accepts full Responsibility for the content of this publication. ©2005 The Trustees of Indiana University. Permission is extended to reproduce this County Profile for non-profit educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Ritika Bhawal, MPH Solomon Briggs Kyoungsun Heo, MPA Srinivasa Konchada

3. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.6 - 6.15 Archival Risk Factors Community Risk Factors: Laws & Norms Introduction: Community Laws/Norms HH Spending on Alcohol HH Spending on Tobacco Adult Tobacco Behavior Tobacco Production Intensity of Inspection (TRIP) Gambling Locations Adult Gambling Behaviors Hoosier Lottery Statistics Community Risk Factors: Transitions & Mobility Crime Statistics: Introduction Crime Indices: Main Categories Crime Indices: Specific Crimes FBI UCR – All Arrests FBI UCR – Juvenile Arrests Alcohol Related Crashes More Alcohol Related Crashes Net Migration (Domestic and International)

4. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Introduction: Community Risk Factors A child’s view of normal is critically impacted by the child’s environment: the sights, sounds, tastes, textures, and smells of the child’s world: “Infants participate, from birth on, in sociocultural activities that are committed to cultural goals and values...” (Keller, et al. 2004) If the child grows up seeing drugs and drug use portrayed in a positive manner on local billboards and local television and modeled at home and elsewhere in the child’s community, the presence of drugs (and hence potential availability) and use of drugs easily becomes the child’s norm. In this circumstance logic suggests it would be “norm-al” for the child to have the expectation that later in life he or she, too, for better or worse, may use drugs. As success tends to beget success, and good parenting practices tend to be replicated by the children raised in that environment, so unfortunately, those who are abused are more likely to become abusers, and those raised in a climate of drug use are more likely to become users. The smell of cigarettes, the feel of icy beer bottles and of delicate wine glasses, song lyrics glamorizing drug use, and the over-use of over- the-counter or prescription medications to eliminate every small discomfort creates a notion of normal that impacts the child’s expectations of human behavior, including his or her own. In some instances, it can be difficult to separate family norms and community norms. Many factors contribute to the creation of community norms, including family traditions, public policies, and law enforcement practices. In general, community norms will be the outcome of the beliefs and practices of all the community’s governmental, educational, social, religious, and business enterprises. Drug use modeling by adults in a community creates an environment that is more hospitable and encouraging of drug use by youth. This modeling takes place within and outside of the home. Since the statistics don’t separate adults from family settings from other adults, we have included adult behaviors with regard to drugs as a community indicator and simply mention it again in the context of family indicators. Still, clearly, this information from a community has strong implications for family settings as well, since one could assume that a significant number of those adults live in family settings. Each County Profile contains several maps and tables comparing the block groups in a county for the counts and percents of adults who smoke cigarettes or cigars, drink alcohol, or gamble. Where possible, indicator data is given in terms of per household amounts. Heide Keller, et al., 2004 “The Bio-Culture of Parenting: Evidence from Five Cultural Communities,” Parenting: Science and Practice 4/1 (2004):25-50.

5. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.6 Household Spending on Alcohol The following table presents per household spending on alcohol for the year for this county, the state and the nation. Table 6.6: Per Household Spending on Alcohol (AGS, Consumer Spending 2004, 2005) Per Household Spending on Alcohol, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005) Vanderburgh Co.IndianaU.S. Consumer spending on alcoholic beverages 422439460 Spending on Alcohol for Consumption outside the Home183188197 Beer and ale away from home 606265 Wine away from home 282930 Whiskey away from home 474850 Alcohol On Out-Of-Town Trips 484952 Spending on Alcohol for Consumption in the Home 238250261 Beer and ale at home 138145152 Wine at home 576063 Whiskey and other liquor at home 434546

6. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Map: Spending on Beer/Ale for Home AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004 est., 2005 Indiana Prevention Resource Center

7. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.7 Household Spending on Tobacco The following table shows per household spending on tobacco products. To give a better perspective we will compare this figure to household spending on miscellaneous reading materials and personal insurance. Table 6.7: Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products, Miscellaneous Reading and Personal Insurance (AGS, Consumer Spending 2004, 2005) Per Household Spending on Tobacco, 2004, est. (AGS, 2005) CountyVanderburgh Co.IndianaU.S. Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products 407428443 Cigarettes 368388400 Other Tobacco Products 394144 Per Household Spending on Misc. Reading 236245257 Newspapers 105109114 Magazines 495254 Books 818488 Personal insurance 502523552

8. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.8 Tobacco Production Many counties in Indiana produce tobacco. Economic dependence upon tobacco influences community norms regarding smoking. It is therefore important to take into account which counties produce tobacco, the prevalence of production, number of farms producing tobacco, acres in tobacco production, and pounds of tobacco harvested. If the county does not produce tobacco, the rest of this page will be empty. Table 6.8: Tobacco Production, 2002. Source: Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/in/st18_2_023_023.pdf http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/in/st18_2_023_023.pdf

9. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.9 Youth Access to Tobacco The IPRC is grateful to Sergeant Poindexter, State Director of the Indiana Tobacco Retailer Inspection Program (TRIP) and to Desiree Goetze, Coordinator of TRIP at the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, and to the staff and police officers of TRIP for all the support they have given to this project. The IPRC has studied the TRIP data generously made available by the Indiana State Excise Police and has created two additional statistical measurements: 1)for the intensity of inspections (the number of inspections relative to the total number of outlets); 2)for the number of inspections per capita for the population of youth most likely to seek access to tobacco, (i.e., youth ages 10-17). Intensity of inspection can be viewed as one of many possible indicators of the degree of a county’s involvement in activities to create or maintain a community norm that youth access to tobacco is not tolerated.

10. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.9 Intensity of Inspection (TRIP) Table 6.9: Intensity of TRIP Inspections and Related Statistics, Calculations for 2004 Based on Data from the TRIP Program (ATC, Indiana State Excise Police, 2005) This table presents summary information relevant to the Tobacco Retail Inspection Program (TRIP) and tobacco access for minors. The Intensity of Inspection is one indicator of the degree of determination to establish and maintain a social norm of “no tolerance” for the sale of tobacco to minors and youth access to tobacco. This table also includes rankings of key variables. TRIP Inspection Data, Vanderburgh Co. (using data for 2004 from IN State Excise Police), ATC 2005 County NameVanderburghIndiana Intensity of Inspection2.161.50 No of Inspections per 1,000 Youth, 10-1714.0710.30 Population Age, 10-1718,130720,070 Total Population171,9026,230,346 Total No. of Tobacco Retail Outlets1184938 Total Inspections Completed2557416 Failed Inspections29981 Percent, Failed Inspections11.37%13.23% Percent, Passed Inspections88.63%86.77% Ranking (1-78) for % Failed Inspections42 Ranking (1-78) for % Passed Inspections43

11. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.10 Gambling Casinos & Race Tracks The presence of gambling establishments -- like the presence of tobacco and alcohol outlets, billboards and other forms of advertising – provides information on community environment and, because of the relationship between gambling and ATOD use, would appear to be an indicator of risk for ATOD problems in a community. Below is a listing of casinos and no horse-racing establishments located in this county. Casinos and Horse Racing Gambling Establishments as of August 2006 Gambling EstablishmentAddressCityZip CASINO AZTAR450 N WRIVERSIDE DRIVEEvansville47708 CASINO AZTAR700 NORTHWEST RIVERSIDE DRIVEEvansville47708 CASINO AZTAR421 NORTHWEST RIVERSIDE DREvansville47708

12. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.11a Adult Gambling Behavior Like the modeling of smoking and drinking, gambling by adults sets a tone for youth expectations about what it means to be an adult. This report includes maps and tables detailing gambling behaviors by persons 18 and older. The following tables describe gambling and related leisure activities by persons ages 18 and over. Also included is a ranking for any casino gambling. Table 6.11a.1: Adult Gambling Behaviors (Casino Gambling) (MRI, Consumer Behavior Lifestyle 2004, 2005) Adult Gambling Behaviors, 2004 est. (2005) Percent of Households CountyVanderbur ghIndianaU.S. Current Year Estimated Households 74,6622,465,349112,708,665 Casino Gambling (Any) 19.519.619.5 Atlantic City gambling 5.64.24.3 Las Vegas gambling 5.45.86.4 Mississippi Gulf Coast gambling 1.31.41.3 Reno gambling 11.21.3 Other casino gambling 8.89.68.7 Rank for Any Casino Gambling 3127th of 51

13. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Casino Gambling Source: AGS Consumer Behavior, 2004 (2005)Indiana Prevention Resource Center

14. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.11b Adult Gambling Behavior The following table compares the percent of households which engaged in leisure activities related to gambling (playing bingo, playing cards, and attending horseraces) in this county compared to the state and nation. Table 6.11b.2: Leisure Activities by Household (bingo, playing cards, attending horse races) (MRI, Consumer Behavior Lifestyle 2004, 2005) Leisure Activities, 2004 est. (2005) Percent of Households County Vanderbu rghIndianaU.S. Current Year Estimated Households74,6622,465,349112,708,665 Play bingo3.93.53.7 Play cards20.421.921.3 Attend Horse Races2.833

15. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Playing Bingo Source: AGS Consumer Behavior, 2004 (2005)Indiana Prevention Resource Center

16. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.11c Gambling: Hoosier Lottery Sales The following statistics show Hoosier Lottery sales by zip code for this county from the fiscal year. Table 6.11c: Hoosier Lottery Sales by Zip Code, Fiscal Year 2004 (Hoosier Lottery, 2005) Hoosier Lottery Sales by Zip Code for Vanderburgh County for Fiscal Year 2004 (Hoosier Lottery) Zip CodeCityScratch OffDrawPull-TabsTOTAL 47708EVANSVILLE$131,011$122,089$11,760$264,860 47710EVANSVILLE$1,670,632$940,112$24,192$2,634,936 47711EVANSVILLE$2,447,446$1,316,923$96,432$3,860,801 47712EVANSVILLE$1,926,202$1,140,519$73,584$3,140,305 47713EVANSVILLE$95,092$62,262$18,816$176,170 47714EVANSVILLE$1,987,935$1,266,944$70,896$3,325,775 47715EVANSVILLE$1,716,480$1,255,519$33,096$3,005,095 47720EVANSVILLE$335,164$226,095$19,824$581,083 47725EVANSVILLE$371,597$280,723$29,736$682,056 County Totals: $10,681,559$6,611,186$378,336$17,671,081 IN Totals: $422,608,706$291,464,296$18,897,312$732,970,314

17. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.12 Crime Statistics: Introduction People prefer to reside and businesses prefer to locate where they feel safe to move about, to study and to work. Levels of criminal activity in an area constitute an environmental influence on many aspects of life. People plan their lives taking into account levels of danger associated with activities. How late at night is it safe to be out? on foot? by car? alone? with a group? For a child, the nature of their environment and the behaviors of their family, friends, neighbors, classmates, and community members strongly contribute to the child’s view of the world and of human nature, and to the child’s expectations for his or her own future behaviors and fate. If people close to the child model criminal behaviors or are often victims of the same, the child will likely hold expectations, including fears, of encountering similar future circumstances. Hence crime statistics are a useful insight into the character of a place and are important to consider in prevention planning. A prevention program needs to be conducted in a safe place and at a time when it is safe for people to attend. The prevention professionals planning the program could consider specific activities designed to confront, enhance, or offer alternatives to norms and role modeling prevalent in the child’s world. Data about crimes, arrests and convictions is not collected in any one central location in the state of Indiana at this time.

18. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms One of the best sources of data available for Indiana at this time is the Crime Risk database published by AGS, who use the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report. Because the level and methods of reporting information to the FBI vary by jurisdiction, information about specific crimes should be viewed as a general indicator rather than for exact precision or exact comparisons. The AGS Crime Risk Index describes the risk of various types of crime in a given geographic area (e.g., city or state) by comparing the rate of crime in that location to the rate of crime in the nation as a whole. The crime rate for the U.S. is set to 100 for all crimes. Hence a rate of 200 means that the risk of crime in that place is twice as high as for the nation as a whole. (Think of these numbers not as counts of criminal incidents, but as degrees of risk. Hence, an index of 200 means that while the risk of this crime is x per 1000 persons for the nation as a whole, it is 2x per 1000 for the community in question). The following table shows the Crime Indices for Total Crime, Property Crime and Personal Crime. This table shows indices for this county, compared to Indiana and the nation. 6.12a Crime Indices Table 6.12a: Total Crime, Property Crime, and Personal Crime Indices, 2004. (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) CountyVanderburghIndianaU.S.IN Rank in US Total Crime Index1019310130th of 51 Personal Crime Index727410126th of 51 Property Crimes11411010227th of 51

19. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms The following table shows the ranking of this county among Indiana’s 92 counties, and the ranking of Indiana relative to the 50 states and the District of Columbia. 6.12a Crime Indices -- Rankings Table 6.12a: Total Crime, Property Crime, and Personal Crime Indices, 2004. (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings VanderburghIN Rank in US Rank Total Crime Index 8 30th of 51 Rank Personal Crime 8 26th of 51 Rank Property Crimes 8 27th of 51

20. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Map: Total Crime Indices Bottom Quarter, Middle Range, Highest Quarter (above 56, above IN & over US) Above US (7), 101.55-208 Above IN (10), 93.55-208 Top Quarter (22), 56-208 Mid Range (48), 20-56 Lowest Quarter (22), 7-20 AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005) Indiana Prevention Resource Center

21. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Map: Personal Crime Indices Bottom Quarter; Mid Range (17-42); Top Quarter (above 42, above IN, above US) Above US (2), 101.55-183 Above IN (6), 74.55-183 Top Quarter (22), 42-183 Mid Range (46), 17-42 Lowest Quarter (24), 7-17 AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005) Indiana Prevention Resource Center

22. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms Map: Property Crime Indices Bottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes over IN & over US) Above US (9), 101.55-194 Above IN (12), 95.55-194 Top Quarter (23), 64-194 Mid Range (46), 19-64 Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19 AGS, Crime Indices 2004 (2005) Indiana Prevention Resource Center

23. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.12b Crime Indices – Specific Crimes The following table shows the Crime Indices for specific property and personal crimes. The method is to compare the risk in a given location to the general crime risk for the nation as a whole. We see that in the context of the U.S., Indiana is generally safer than other places for risk of robbery, but is more dangerous for risk of murder. See the Appendix Glossary for definitions of these crimes. This table shows indices for this county, compared to Indiana and the nation (which is the point of comparison) and rankings comparing this county to the other 92 counties. Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) VanderburghIndianaUS Personal Crime Index7274101 Murder Index74107100 Rape Index9294101 Robbery Index6376101 Assault Index10070101 Property Crime Index 114 110 102 Burglary Index13098 102 Larceny Index140109 102 Motor Vehicle Theft Index58142 101

24. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.12b Crime Indices – Specific Crimes – Rankings The following table shows the ranking of this county among Indiana’s 92 counties, and the ranking of Indiana relative to the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005) Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings VanderburghIN Rank in US Rank Personal Crime 8 26th of 51 Rank Murder 17 18th of 51 Rank Rape 10 28th of 51 Rank Robbery 7 25th of 51 Rank Assault629th of 51 Rank Property Crime 8 27th of 51 Rank Burglary 6 21st of 51 Rank Larceny 9 24th of 51 Rank Motor Vehicle Theft 9 7th of 51

25. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.13a FBI UCR: All Arrests The following data is from the FBI Uniform Crime Report as published by the University of Virginia Library website. Below are data for all arrests for crimes, including drug arrests, for the indicated year and rankings comparing this county to the other 92 counties. Table 6.13a: All Arrests, including Drug Arrests, 2003 (FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2005, from http://www.virginia.edu/library/FBI, September 2005). http://www.virginia.edu/library/FBI FBI UCR All Arrests, 2002:Vanderburgh Coverage 100 Alcohol-Related Arrests Liquor Law Violation 102 Driving Under the Influence 1075 Drunkenness 750 Drug Possession: 259 Marijuana 106 Opium/Cocaine 153 Other Drug Possession 0 Other Dangerous Narcotic 0 Synthetic Drug Possession 0 FBI UCR All Arrests, 2002:Vanderburgh Sale/Manufacturing of Drugs 12 Marijuana Sale/Manufacture 11 Opium/Cocaine Sale/Manufacture 0 Synthetic Drug Sale/Manufacture 1 Gambling 1 Sexual Offenses Prostitution & Communication 63 Sex Offenses 43 Select Behaviors Disorderly Conduct 166 Runaway Juveniles 400 Weapons Violations 68

26. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.13b FBI UCR: Juvenile Arrests Table 6.13b Juvenile Arrests, including Drug Arrests, 2003 (FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2005, from http://www.virginia.edu/library/FBI, September 2005). http://www.virginia.edu/library/FBI The following data is from the FBI Uniform Crime Report as published by the University of Virginia Library website. Below are data for juvenile arrests for crimes, including drug arrests, for the indicated year and rankings comparing this county to the other 92 counties. Juvenile Arrests, FBI UCR, 2002 (2005) Vanderburgh Drug Abuse Sale/Manufacture 0 Marijuana Sale/Manufacture 0 Opium/Cocaine Sale/Manufacture 0 Synthetic Drug Sale/Manufacture 0 Drug Abuse Violations - Total 12 Gambling 0 Select Behaviors: Disorderly Conduct 44 Runaway Juveniles 400 Sex Offenses 4 Weapons Violations 6 Juvenile Arrests, FBI UCR, 2002 (2005) Vanderburgh Coverage 100 Number of Agencies in County Report Arrests 3 Total Co. Population - Agencies Reporting Arrests 174144 Alcohol-Related Arrests: Liquor Law Violation 65 Driving Under the Influence 11 Drunkenness 18 Drug Possession (Subtotal) 12 Marijuana Possession 11 Opium/Cocaine Possession 1 Other Drug Possession 0 Other Dangerous Non-Narcotics 0 Synthetic Narcotics Possession 0

27. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.14 Alcohol-Related Crashes The Indiana Council on Drugged and Dangerous Driving through the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute publishes crash data for each county. The most recent of data on drivers involved in fatal crashes by blood alcohol content of the driver are included in the following tables: Table 6.14a.: Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes by Blood Alcohol Content of the Driver, 2001 (Indiana Criminal Justice Institute, 2003) Alcohol Related Crashes, FARS, 2004 data (2006) CountyVANDERBURGHIndiana BAC 0 (No.)7648 BAC 0 (%)4168 BAC.01-.07(No.)145 BAC.01-.07(%)65 BAC.08 (No.)10254 BAC.08 (%)5327 Total Alc-Related Killed (No.)11299 Total Alc-Related Killed (%)5932 Total Killed (No.)18947 Total Killed (%)100

28. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.14 Alcohol-Related Crashes Table 6.14b: Estimated Percent of Alcohol- Related Fatalities and Drivers with BAC 0.08 or Greater in Fatal Crashes, 2005 (Indiana Criminal Justice Institute). The Indiana Council on Drugged and Dangerous Driving through the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute publishes crash data for each county. The following table compares figures for 1994 and 2001 for the estimated percent of alcohol-related fatalities and drivers with BAC 0.08 or greater in fatal crashes. Vanderburgh Co., Alcohol and Fatal Crash Information by Year, Gender and Age, FARS (2005) YearGenderAgeCat Fatality Alcohol Positive Crash Fatality Alcohol Negative Crash Drinking Driver Driver Not Drinking 2003MaleAges 0 thru 1101 2003MaleAges 12 thru 1701 2003MaleAges 21 thru 291.21.811 2003MaleAges 30 thru 34 01 2003MaleAges 35 thru 541.62.42.110.9 2003MaleAges 55 thru 64 03 2003MaleAges 65 and over1.11.90.11.9 2003FemaleAges 0 thru 1101 2003FemaleAges 12 thru 17 01 2003FemaleAges 21 thru 290.20.80.21.8 2003FemaleAges 30 thru 340101 2003FemaleAges 35 thru 540.12.90.15.9 2003FemaleAges 55 thru 6401 2003FemaleAges 65 and over1002 2003Missing/unknown 0.20.8

29. GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 6. Risk Factors: Community Risk Factors – Laws & Norms 6.15 Net Migration Periods of transition and frequent mobility are risk factors for substance abuse and other problems. Examples include the period of transition from middle school to high school, and from high school to college or work. Moving creates a period of transition and places a person at higher risk, e.g., moving from one neighborhood to another, from place to place or from job to job, or from incarceration to life in the community. For studies of a local neighborhood, the Department of Education web site offers information on retention and drop-out or transfers from neighborhood schools. The IYI web site offers data for the county on graduation rates, drop out rates, etc. Table 6.15: Net Migration (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005) Community Risk Factors: Transitions & Migration An excellent indicator of the “transitions and mobility” indicator is the figure for net migration. Data for domestic and international migration from the U.S. Census Bureau is summarized in the following table. Transitions & Mobility Net Migration, 2003 to 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau, via STATS Indiana, 2006) VanderburghIndiana Net Domestic Migration (change 2002 to 2003)-132-3082 Net International Migration (change 2002 to 2003)15310841 Natural Increase (Births Minus Deaths )49530062