1. Artificial Intelligence By: Ian, Chelsea, Doug, & Grace

2. Artificial intelligence (AI) - is a branch of computer science and engineering that deals with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in machines

3. History Of Artificial Intelligence

4. 1950s The 1950s were a period of active efforts in AI Alan Turing introduced the "Turing test” The first working AI programs were written in 1951 to run on the Ferranti Mark I

5. 1960s-1970s Joel Moses demonstrated the power of symbolic reasoning for integration problems Leonard Uhr and Charles Vossler published "A Pattern Recognition Program That Generates, Evaluates, and Adjusts Its Own Operators" in 1963

6. 1980s Neutral networks became widely used due to the backpropagation algorithm The team of Ernst Dickmanns built the first robot cars, driving up to 55 mph on empty streets Marked major achievements in many areas of AI and demonstrations of various applications

7. 1990s & Turn of the Century During the 1990s and 2000s AI has become very influenced by probability theory and statistics After the September 11, 2001 attacks there has been much renewed interest and funding for threat-detection AI systems, including machine vision research and data- mining

8. DARPA Grand Challenge DARPA is a challenge for driverless cars The cars have no communication with humans In 2005 the winning vehicles completed all 132 miles of the course in just under 7 hours

9. A Few Basic Rules Must follow California driving laws Vehicles must follow a specific rout following specific check points Vehicles must drive though fog and rain even if GPS is blocked

10. Schools Of Thought 1. Conventional A.I. 2. Computational Intelligence

11. Conventional A.I. - a.k.a. symbolic A.I., logical A.I., neat A.I., and Good Old Fashioned A.I.(GOFAI)

12. Machine Learning Methods Expert systems a computer program that contains some subject-specific knowledge of one or more human experts. helps users solve problems and draw conclusions reasonably.

13. Machine learning methods Nuetral Networks systems with very strong pattern recognition capabilities a.k.a. ANN (artificial neural network) an adaptive system that changes its structure based on external or internal info that flows through the network.

14. Fuzzy Control System based on fuzzy logic (concepts that cannot be expressed as true or false but as partially true

15. A.I. In Fiction Strong A.I. is used most often for entertainment purposes Usually portrayed as an upcoming power trying to overthrow human authority Trying to cause abrupt and dramatic changes A few A.I. writers are: Vernor Vinge, Ray Kurzweil, and Frank Herbert Author Vernor Vinge states, “…technology will reach a point beyond which we cannot even speculate about the consequences.”

16. Case-based Reasoning the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems

17. Bayesian Network a.k.a. Bayesian belief network or belief network

18. Behavior Based A.I. Made famous by Rodney Brooks A procedure for developing A.I. off of another module of intelligence

19. Computational Intelligence - repetitive development/learning that relays on evidence /consequences observable by the senses

20. Schools of Thought Conventional Artifical Intelligence –Machine Learning –Formalism –Statistical Analysis Expert Systems Case Based Reasoning Bayesian Networks Behavior

21. Schools of Thought cont. Computational Intelligence –Neural Networkes –Fuzzy Systems –Evolutionary Computation

22. Artifical Intelligence In Fiction Books –A Space Odyssey –The Moon is a Harsh Mistress Movies –The Matrix –Bicentennial Man –I, Robot Video Games –Halo