1. Protein Synthesis

2. Write down 5 “things” that you know about DNA

3. What is a GENE? Instruction manual for our body
They are the directions for building all the proteins that make our body function

4. Where is a Gene? Within DNA
The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.

5. What is a TRAIT?
A trait is a genetically determined characteristic

6. RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Make up of Nucleotides
Contains Phosphorus

7. RNA Nucleotide A C B Uracil Phosphate Nitrogen Base Guanine Cytosine
Ribose
Adenine
Uracil

8. Types of RNA Messenger RNA Nickname: mRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides

9. mRNA Function
Copy a message from a gene on DNA
DNA
mRNA

10. Types of RNA Transfer RNA Nickname: tRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid

11. Carries amino acids to mRNA
tRNA Function
Carries amino acids to mRNA
Amino Acids
mRNA

12. Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA Nickname: rRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome

13. Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids
rRNA Function
Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids
rRNA
Peptide
Bond
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid

14. DNA versus RNA: # of Strands

15. DNA versus RNA: Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose

16. DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine
Thymine
Adenine
Uracil

17. Review: Protein Synthesis

18. Brief summary of Protein synthesis
Make Proteins

19. Brief Summary of Transcription
Make mRNA from a gene on DNA

20. Location of Transcription
Nucleus

21. Process of Transcription
DNA Backbone
Nitrogen Bases
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA
Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied

22. Process of Transcription
DNA
RNA Polymerase
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U
G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A
mRNA
RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand
DNA is split apart; separated
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Backbone
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

23. Process of Transcription
DNA
RNA Polymerase
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A
mRNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus
RNA Polymerase leaves
DNA recombines
A U G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
mRNA
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Backbone
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

24. Transcription Animation #1 Transcription Animation #2 Transcription Video

25. Transcribe the following
DNA
TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGT
AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA
mRNA