1. Loanwords of Dutch & Flemish Food and Drink Gabriella Pan & Christopher Jianglin

2. Introduction  Both in Germanic family and thus bear many similarities  Some of the loanwords may also be from MLG (Middle Low German).

3. Common Ways of Dutch Words Borrowed by English  Through trade and seafaring  Via the New Netherland settlements in North America  Due to contact between Dutch/Afrikaans speakers with English speakers in South Africa  French words of Dutch/Flemish origin have been adopted into English

4.  Colloquial expression of drink or alcoholic drink (1732)  Online Etymology Dictionary (OEtD): The modern form from MDu (Middle Dutch) busen ‘to drink heavily’

5.  Oxford English Dictionary (OED): But also derived from Middle English bous, and later bouse, bowse ‘drink,’ ‘to drink’ (1325, or ‘a drinking-vessel’)  Explanation: There is a common origin in Germanic language family but the MoE (Modern English) usage was introduced from MDu

6.  A kind of alcohol distilled from wine, grapes or fruit (a1640)  The original form brandwine, brandewine is from Dutch brandewijn ‘burnt’ (i.e. distilled) wine

7.  Abbreviated as brandy as early as 1657; the fuller form was retained in official use down to the end of 17 th century)  OED: The spelling usually misled people to regard it as a compound of brand and wine.

8.  OED: Also cold slaw, cole-slaugh (AmE) Sliced cabbage dressed with salt, pepper, vinegar, etc. (1794)

9.  Dutch koolsla, reduced form of kool-salade, kool cabbage plus salade salad  Cole also means cabbage in MoE.

10.  (AmE) ‘a small flat or slightly raised cake (Merriam Webster)’ (1754)  OEtD: From Dutch koekje ‘small cake’ dim. (diminutive, expressing slight degree or smaller size of the root meaning) of koek ‘cake,’ from MDu koke

11.  This is sure for the U. S., but for Scotland the history of this word is unknown.  According to Scottish National Dictionary, it might be from Dutch during the Middle Ages or derived directly from the word cook.

12.  Biscuit in the U. K.  Interesting phrase that's the way the cookie crumbles ‘that's the way things happen’ from 1957  Famous derivation in Chinese restaurant in the U. S. fortune cookie

13.  1640s, American English adaptation of Low German kraanbere, from kraan ‘crane’ and Middle Low German bere ‘berry’  Probably named from the likeness between the stamen of the plant and the bird’s bleak

14.  Probably used by the German and Dutch settlers in America when recognizing the plant similar in Europe  They were marshwhort or fenberries originally in England

15.  A fried pastry often made from a rectangle of dough with two twisted sides

16.  From early 19 th century Dutch krullen ‘to curl’  Why traditional crullers can be found more easily in the Midwest?  Youtiao ‘Chinese cruller’

17.  A spirit which derives its predominant flavor from juniper berries

18.  From Dutch jenever (or genever), which means ‘juniper’  In the Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648)  Dutch courage: a feeling of confidence that comes after drinking alcohol

19.  In the Glorious Revolution (1688), gin became vastly more popular in Britain.

20.  Macmillan: a plant whose flowers are dried and used for making beer

21.  From Dutch hoppe  Imported from Holland to Britain around 1400  Hop cultivation in the U. S. (1629)

22.  unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks on the foreshore

23.  From Dutch stokvis ‘stick fish,’ possibly referring to...  1.the wooden racks  2. resemblance bet. the fish & a stick  3. a wooden yoke or harness  German Stockmaß ‘the height of a horse at the withers’

24.  Macmillan: a flat cake that has deep square marks on both sides

25.  From the Dutch wafel and related to Old English wefan ‘to weave’  Discovered by the Pilgrims in Holland and brought across the Atlantic in 1620  Dutch immigrants popularized the dish in New Amsterdam

26. References  Kemmer, S. (2011, August 22). Loanwords. Retrieved from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loan words.html http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loan words.html  In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.etymonline.com/index.php http://www.etymonline.com/index.php

27. References  Retrieved November 1, 2012 from Wikipedia:  List of English words of Dutch origin (October 12, 2012)  Cruller (October 12, 2012)  Gin (October 28, 2012)  Hops (October 27, 2012)  Stockfish (September 30, 2012)  Waffle (October 7, 2012)

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