2. Science 7 You will need your books today! Come Prepared

3. Science 7 – Feb 21, 2008 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis and Respiration Two Day Lesson  Includes, Bookwork, Notes, and illustration Day 1  Notes + book questions Day 2  Work Day (Book Questions / Illustration/ Pull it all together)

4. Announcements Congrats to 7 th Grade Boys BB for being district champs!

5. YSBAT Understand how cells get their energy Explain in your own words what photosynthesis means Write the “ingredients” and “final products” of photosynthesis in words and chemical formulas Define RESPIRATION Illustrate the cycle in which ENERGY flows between plants and animals in nature

6. Cells - Energy Question of the day 1. What organelle is responsible for providing energy in a plant? In an animal Cell? 2.What is the original source of energy on Earth? 3.Hypothesize: What is needed for a plant to grow? (think cellular level)

7. Photosynthesis and Respiration Key Information The Sun provides the Earth with vital energy Plants use this energy, along with other necessary ingredients, to grow Process of converting sunlight to cell energy is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8. Photosynthesis “Photo” means light Synthesis means to “put together”

9. Photosynthesis – Key Ingredients Four Ingredients Needed: Energy from Sun Chloroplasts are needed to “Capture” the sun’s energy Chlorophyll is the pigment Stomata  Opening on bottom of leaf (allows gas in and out) Water Carbon Dioxide

10. Pictures of Stomata

11. Final Products Two end Products Sugar = food for plant Oxygen

12. Gases in the Atmosphere Oxygen makes up 21% of the air we breathe. Oxygen makes up 21% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen makes up 78 % of the air we breathe. Nitrogen makes up 78 % of the air we breathe. Carbon dioxide makes up 0.03% of the atmosphere. Plants are limited in how fast they can grow by how much carbon dioxide is available to them. Carbon dioxide makes up 0.03% of the atmosphere. Plants are limited in how fast they can grow by how much carbon dioxide is available to them. So, what happens to plants when humans increase the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere? So, what happens to plants when humans increase the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere? What are the three major reasons the atmospheric CO 2 is on the rise? What are the three major reasons the atmospheric CO 2 is on the rise? 18 More People, increasing population More Domesticated Animals More Industrial Gases

13. What is Sugar used for? About half of the sugar the plant produces is respired by the plant during cellular respiration to produce ATP’s of energy. About half of the sugar the plant produces is respired by the plant during cellular respiration to produce ATP’s of energy. The other half goes into building plant tissues such as flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruit. The other half goes into building plant tissues such as flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, and fruit. 19

14. Equation in Words Water + Carbon Dioxide + Sun + Chloroplasts  Sugar + Oxygen In Chemical Formula Format: H 2 0 + CO 2 ( along with Chloroplasts and Sun)  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Think Chemistry – Is this recipe right? Nope: To make it right… you need different amounts

15. Balanced Equation What you need to make it work: 6 H 2 0 + 6 CO 2 ( along with Chloroplasts and Sun)  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 This means you need 6 waters and 6 carbon dioxides to make 1 sugar and 6 oxygen molecules

16. PHOTOSYNTHESIS is a CHEMICAL REACTION!! CO 2 enters through the leaves and O 2 is released through the leaves. H 2 O is taken in through the roots. What are the reactants of the chemical reaction photosynthesis? What are the products?

17. The Importance of Photosynthesis. 1.Plants are autotrophs, which means they make their own food, by using the energy from the sun. 2.Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot make their own food and have to rely on autotrophs and other heterotrophs for food.

18. The Importance of Photosynthesis. 3.Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis. 4.Photosynthesis also removes carbon dioxide from the air and produces the oxygen that most organisms need to survive.

19. To sum up photosynthesis… The primary energy source for all life on earth is the solar energy that the Sun emits. Nuclear Fusion reactions in the sun release energy. This energy reaches the surface of the earth as the electromagnetic spectrum of energy. Plants then capture this energy and convert it to an energy source that other organisms can use.

20. III. Respiration

21. Respiration Respiration is a process that converts Sugars to ENERGY! Eating plants (sugars) provides this for animals Ingredients Sugar + Oxygen End Products Carbon Dioxide + H2O + ENERGY!

22. Chemical Recipe for Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2  6 H 2 0 + 6 CO 2 + ENERGY!!

23. Cycle

24. The Cycle Product of Photosynthesis Sugars and Oxygen Respiration Product of Respiration Water and Carbon Dioxide Energy from Sun Photosynthesis

25. Carbon – oxygen cycle

26. Respiration compared to Photosynthesis 1.Respiration is the process by which organisms break down food to release energy. 2.When organisms breathe, the oxygen taken into the body is used to break down stored sugars to release energy. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2 3. Photosynthesis and respiration are opposite processes in a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant.

27. Importance of Respiration 1.All cells need to respire in order to use the stored energy for all cellular processes, including building and repairing tissues and organs. 2.Plant cells also respire in order to use the energy, from the food they made during photosynthesis, in order to grow and reproduce.

28. Problems from Book Section 1 Assessment Questions (page 48) # 1c, #2 a,b,c (details needed) Job Qualifications – Writing –(Complete Paragraph) Section 2 Assessment Problems #1a,b,c,d and #2 a,b,c

29. Illustrate the Process Develop a Poster that represents the Photosynthesis and Respiration Cycle Criteria: Show the connection between the Sun, plants and animals. Include names and Chemical formulas for each “ingredient” or “product” Properly “Name” each step of the process Include how many of each “part” are required to make the process work Label what part of the cell is responsible for helping with this process (e.g. animals  Mitochondria, plants  ?)

30. Photosynthesis/ Respiration Mini- packet Expectations Title Page with Name, Period, Date Notes from Class on Photosynthesis and Respiration (clearly labeled) Book Questions Section 1 (page 48) # 1c, #2 a,b,c (details needed) Job Qualifications – Writing –(Complete Paragraph) Section 2 (#1a,b,c,d and #2 a,b,c) crossword