1. Communication Theory

2. Communication:
Process of sharing information by using symbols to send and receive messages

3. Components of the Communication Model
Sender- person who transmits the message
Receiver- person to whom the message is directed to

4. Feedback- a return message
Message- consists of the ideas/feelings that make up the content of communication
Interference- anything that gets in the way of clear communication

5. Linear Model
Interference
Sender
Receiver
Encodes
Message
Decodes
Describes communication as a one way event in which a message flows from a sender to a receiver.

6. Interactive Model
Interference
Sender
Receiver
Encodes
Message
Decodes
Receiver
Message/Feedback
Sender
Decodes
Encodes
Describes communication as a two way event in which the sender and receiver exchange messages in response to one another.

7. Transactional Model
Interference
Receiver
&
Sender
Sender
&
Receiver
Encodes
&
Decodes
Decodes
& Encodes
Message
Describes communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in an ongoing, irreversible process.

8. 4 Basic Needs Fulfilled by Communication
Physical Needs
Identity Needs
Social Needs
Practical Needs

9. Physical Needs Communication effects health
The presence or absence of satisfying communication effects stress, blood pressure, depression, etc.

10. Identity Needs We learn who we are through communication.
We become who we are in response to the reaction of others.

11. Social Needs There are 3 social needs fulfilled by communication:
Inclusion
Control
Affection

12. Inclusion Control Affection
The need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship.
Control
The desire to influence others or to feel some sense of power over your own life.
Affection
The need to know that we matter to other people.

13. Practical Needs
The communication needed for everyday functions in life.

14. 5 Types of Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
Interpersonal Communication
Small Group Communication
Public Speaking
Mass Communication

15. Intrapersonal Communication
Communication within yourself
Interpersonal Communication
Communication between two or more people

16. Small Group Communication Public Speaking
Communication between 4 – 12 people
Public Speaking
Communication where one person addresses an audience
Mass Communication
Using technology to communicate with many.

17. Developing the Communication Process
5 Steps

18. 1. Finding Ideas Need something interesting to talk about.
Always consider your audience, the setting, and the time allowed.
Crucial for group discussions and public speaking.

19. 2. Adapting to Your Audience
As a speaker, you must meet the needs of your audience.
This allows you to anticipate their response, interpret their feedback, and respond appropriately.

20. 3 categories of audience characteristics you need to consider:
Individual Characteristics
Cultural Characteristics
Sociological Characteristics

21. Individual Characteristics
The audience’s
Personality
Interests
Background
Goals

22. Cultural Characteristics
The audience’s:
Age
Religion
National/ethnic background

23. Sociological Characteristics
The audience’s:
Educational background
Occupations
Affiliations

24. 3. Encoding & Decoding Messages
As an effective communicator, you must determine how to send and interpret messages.

25. Encoding Decoding Planning how you want to state a certain idea.
Formal communication requires careful encoding.
Decoding
The receiver translates the message into meaning that makes sense in their given context.

26. 4. Interpreting Feedback
Formal Communication:
Most feedback is nonverbal
Smile for approval, yawn for boredom, etc.
Informal Communication:
Feedback is frequently in verbal and nonverbal forms.
Smiling for support
Asking questions for clarification

27. 5. Dealing with Interference
Interference – Anything that gets in the way of clear communication.
Three types of Interference:
Physical Noise
Psychological Noise
Semantic Noise

28. Physical Noise Psychological Noise Semantic Noise
Sounds that prevent a person from being heard
Psychological Noise
Thoughts and feelings that distract people from listening to what is said
Semantic Noise
Caused by words that trigger strong negative feelings against the speaker or the content of the speech.
Leads to misunderstandings

29. Communication Settings
Informal Settings
Formal Settings

30. Informal Communication
Informal settings - casual & unstructured
Majority of your communication
Usually spontaneous (think as you speak)

31. Includes: Talking with friends and family Introducing people
Giving instructions
Talking on the telephone
Giving and receiving information in class
Asking for directions

32. Formal Communication Prepared for ahead of time
Much less of your communication time, but these situations can influence people in important positions.

33. Includes: Job and college interviews Group discussions Public speaking
Debate/Parliamentary procedure
Interpretive situations
Mass communication