2. SPAIN During the 16 th Century, the Spanish created a great empire by conquering and colonizing the lands in the Caribbean as well as large parts of North and South America

3. A.In the Americas Spain became rich by obtaining the gold and silver that the Americas produced. B.EFFECT: i.This potential of great wealth motivated other European nations to join the quest for colonies in America SPAIN

4. Protestant Reformation: A.1517, this movement began in Germany when a monk named Martin Luther challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. B.Luther and the other dissenters from the Catholic church became known as Protestants because they protested against the power of the pope and against the church, which they viewed as corrupt and materialistic.

5. FRENCH: – Protestant and Catholic SPAIN: – Catholics

6. SPAIN ORGANIZES ITS AMERICAN EMPIRE The Spanish conquistadors were good at conquering but not running their colonies. SPANISH RULE: – Indians were enslaved and forced to labor on encomiendas – large Spanish owned plantations and mine silver and gold; – The Native Americans were treated poorly by the Spanish

7. EFFECTS OF HARSH TREATMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS: A.Killing too many Native Americans who could have been tax-paying subjects B.To protect Native Americans Catholic Friars set up missionaries – people who work to convert others to their religion C.The friars aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity and to persuade them to adopt Spanish culture.

8. EFFECTS OF MISSIONARIES: – Friars demanded Native Americans convert to Christianity – Friars ordered Native American temples and sacred images destroyed; – Friars relied on Spanish soldiers to set up forts, presidios, to force the Native Americans to work for them

9. a.NEW SPAIN and PERU ESTABLISHED: I.The Spanish Crown divided the American empire into two immense regions, know as viceroyalties, each ruled by a viceroy appointed by the king. II.Viceroyalty of New Spain: a.Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands III.Viceroyalty of Peru: b. All of South America except Portuguese Brazil

10. SOCIETY IN SPAIN’S AMERICAN COLONIES: – MOSTLY men immigrated across the Atlantic to the American Empire. – Male colonists took Native American wives. – Children of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry became known as mestizos

11. Hernado de Soto: A.Explored Florida (FL), Georgia (GA), South Carolina (SC), North Carolina (NC), Tennessee (TN), Alabama (AL), Mississippi (MS), and Arkansas (AR) B.Massacred Native American villages and spread disease

12. SPAIN COLONIZES FLORIDA: – By occupying Florida and the Rio Grande valley, the Spanish hoped to create a defensive zone, to keep hostile European rivals far from the precious mines and towns of Mexico – In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles attacked and destroyed the French base, slaughtering the captured Protestants – St. Augustine, FL, first enduring colonial town which would later be part of the United States

13. Spain Colonizes New Mexico: – Led by Juan de Onate Spain established the new colony of New Mexico, with Santa Fe as the capital. – Friars treat Pueblo Indians horribly – forcing them to convert to Christianity