1. Slide 1 lipid bilayer fluid one layer of lipids one layer of lipids Stepped Art Figure 4.3 Page 56

2. Slide 2 Protein pump across bilayer Protein channel across bilayer Protein pump Recognition protein Receptor protein extracellular environment cytoplasm lipid bilayer Figure 4.4 Page 57

3. Slide 3 0.51.01.5 0.79 0.06 3.147.07 0.521.77 Diameter (cm): Surface area (cm 2 ): Volume (cm 3 ): Surface- to-volume ratio: 13.17:16.04:1 3.99:1 Figure 4.5 Page 57

4. Slide 4 ocular lens objective lens stage condenser illuminator prism source of illumination Figure 4.6b Page 58

5. Slide 5 viewing screen projector lens intermediate lens objective lens specimen condenser lens accelerated electron flow (top to bottom) Figure 4.7 Page 58

6. Slide 6 frog egg 3 mm typical plant cell 10-100 µm mitochondrion 1-5 µm chloroplast 2-10 µm human red blood cell 7-8 µm diameter Trypanosoma (protozoan) 25 µm long Chlamydomonas (green alga) 5-6 µm long polio virus 30 nm HIV (AIDS virus) 100 nm T4 bacteriophage 225 nm long tobacco mosaic virus 300 nm long DNA molecule 2 nm diameter Unaided Vision Electron Microscope (Down To 0.5 Nm) Light Microscope (Down To 200 Nm) Escherichia coli (bacterium) 1-5 µm long 1 centimeter (cm) = 1/100 meter, or 0.4 inch 1 millimeter (mm) = 1/1,000 meter 1 micrometer (µm) = 1/1,000,000 meter 1 nanometer (nm) = 1/1,000,000,000 meter 1 meter = 10 2 cm = 10 3 mm = 10 6 µm = 10 9 nm 1 mm100 µm10 µm1 µm100 nm10 nm1 nm0.5 nm Figure 4.8 Page 59

7. Slide 7 microtubules (components of cytoplasm) Golgi body vesicle microfilaments (components of cytoskeleton) mitochondrion chloroplast central vacuole rough ER) ribosomes (attached to rough ER) ribosomes in cytoplasm smooth ER DNA + nucleoplasm nucleolus nuclear envelope NUCLEUS plasma membrane cell wall Figure 4.10a Page 61

8. Slide 8 microfilaments microtubules components of cytoskeleton plasma membrane mitochondrion nuclear envelope nucleolus DNA + nucleoplasm NUCLEUS vesicle lysosome rough ER ribosomes smooth ER vesicle Golgi body pair of centrioles Figure 4.10b Page 61

9. Slide 9 cytoplasm nucleus plasma membrane nuclear envelope nucleoplasm nucleolus chromatin Figure 4.11a,b Page 62

10. Slide 10 Nuclear porebilayer facing cytoplasmNuclear envelope bilayer facing nucleoplasm Figure 4.12b Page 63

11. Slide 11 one unduplicated chromosome one duplicated chromosome one duplicated, condensed chromosome In-text figure Page 63 Stepped Art

12. Slide 12 5 Vesicles from the Golgi body transport products to the plasma membrane. Products are released by exocytosis. 4 Proteins and lipids take on final form inside Golgi body. Modifications enable them to be sorted out and shipped to proper destinations. 3 Vesicles bud from the ER membrane and transport unfinished proteins and lipids to a Golgi body. 2 In the membrane of smooth ER, lipids are assembled. 1 Some polypeptide chains enter the rough ER. Modifications begin. Endocytic vesicles form at plasma membrane and move into the cytoplasm. They might fuse with the membrane of other organelles or remain intact, as storage vesicles. Exocytic vesicles bud from ER and Golgi membranes, travel to and fuse with plasma membrane. Their contents are thereby released from the cell. DNA instructions for building polypeptide chains leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm. assorted vesicles Golgi body smooth ER rough ER Chains are assembled on ribosomes in cytoplasm. Figure 4.13 Page 64

13. Slide 13 Rough ER Smooth ER Figure 4.14 Page 65

14. Slide 14 internal space budding vesicle Golgi body Figure 4.15 Page 65

15. Slide 15 outer compartment inner compartment outer membraneinner membrane repeated foldings of inner membrane (cristae) Figure 4.16 Page 66

16. Slide 16 inner membrane system (thylakoid membrane) granum stroma two outermost membrane layers Figure 4.17 Page 66

17. Slide 17 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nucleus Mitochondrion Plasma Membrane nuclear envelope nucleolus Cell WallChloroplast Central Vacuole Figure 4.18 Page 68

18. Slide 18 Plasma Membrane Golgi BodyLysosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) nuclear envelope nucleolus Nucleus Mitochondrion Figure 4.19 Page 69

19. Slide 19 tubulin subunit actin subunit one polypeptide chain microtubulemicrofilament intermediate filament Figure 4.21 Page 71

20. Slide 20 KinesinDynein end that binds cell component item to be moved binds here ATP binding head microtubule minus endplus end Figure 4.23 Page 72

21. Slide 21 Ribbon model for kinesin Figure 4.24a Page 72

22. Slide 22 Figure 4.24b Page 72

23. Slide 23 one of the outer ring’s pairs of microtubules (doublets) dynein arm two central microtubules central sheath base of flagellum or cilium plasma membrane basal body plasma membrane Figure 4.25 Page73

24. Slide 24 plasma membrane middle lamella primary cell wall plasmodesmata Figure 4.27b Page 74

25. Slide 25 three-layer secondary wall primary cell wall space once occupied by cytoplasm of living cell fibers from flax stem Figure 4.27d,e Page74

26. Slide 26 tight junctions adhering junction gap junction Figure 4.29 Page 75

27. Slide 27 bacterial flagellum pilus capsule cell wall plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA ribosomes in cytoplasm Figure 4.30 Page 76