1. From Confederation to Federal Union
Chapter 5 Section 2
Essential Question: How did the Constitution form to what is today’s federal government?

2. Constitutional Convention
Delegates from all states was called in Philadelphia to rewrite the Articles of Confederation
May 14, 1787
Most delegates were wealthy and well educated

3. Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph of Virginia purposed this plan
Shifted political power away from the states and toward the central government.
Idea of Federalism- division of powers between a strong central government and the state governments.

4. Virginia Plan
Called for Federal Government to be made up of three branches
Executive
Judicial
Legislative
Legislature would be bicameral
Made up of two houses

5. Virginia Plan
The Virginia Plan purposed that representation would be made in the following way:
Voters would elect representatives to the lower house, who would then choose members of the upper house
State populations would determine the number of representative in each house.

6. New Jersey Plan William Paterson purposed the New Jersey Plan
This provided for a strong unicameral (or one house) legislature
Each state would have one vote in representation

7. The Great Compromise
Neither the Virginia Plan or the New Jersey Plan was completely accepted by the delegates
Roger Sherman purposed a plan for the following:
Two house legislature
Allow for both equal representation and representation based on population

8. The Great Compromise
Granted each state regardless of size, an equal voice in the upper house
Which house is this?
In the lower house, representation would be according to population

9. Three Fifths Compromise
A debate over whether slaves should be counted as part of a state's population to determine representation.

10. Three Fifths Compromise
This issue split the northern and southern states because this was a personal issue to both states
The final accepted compromise was established that only three fifths of a state’s slave population would count in determining its representation.

11. Compromises over Commerce
Northern delegates favored giving the national government the power to regulate all trade with foreign nations and among the states
Southern economy depended on exports of rice, tobacco, and other products to Europe and to the northern states
Southerners feared that if the national government imposed tariffs or taxes on imports and exports, overseas buyers would have to pay more for the southerner agricultural products.

12. Commerce Compromise
Delegates finally agreed that Congress could levy tariffs on imports but not on exports.

13. Slave Trade
Planters worried that Congress might use its power to tax imports to restrict the slave trade
Delegates voted to permit the importation of slaves until the end of 1807.

14. Ratification of the Constitution
Each state had to ratify or approve the Constitution
This process brought two sides to this debate:
Federalists- who were for a strong central (federal) government
Anti-federalists- who were for afraid of a strong central (federal) government

15. Federalists Wealthy, merchants, planters, and lawyers
Thought that a strong central government would ensure a strong currency and protect property rights
Published their arguments for the Constitution in The Federalist Papers.
Their leaders were: John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison

16. Anti-federalists
Claimed the Constitutional Convention had gone too far with rewriting the Articles of Confederation
States rights would be destroyed by this Constitution
The Constitution resembled a Monarchy
Election procedures (electors-electoral college) did not let the people select the president.

17. Bill of Rights
The U.S. Constitution did not contain a bill of rights, or a document describing the civil liberties, or individual rights, that a government promises its citizens.
Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify the Constitution if a Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.