1. Habitat and Adaptations based on agriculture of India and China
SAMISHNA ROY
CLASS IV

2. Content What is Agriculture? Dependencies in Agriculture
Crops grown in China and India
Habitat, Adaptation and Eating Habits
Common Threats to Agriculture
Effects on Biosphere
Statistics

3. What is Agriculture ?
Agriculture is defined as the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
Farming began around 10,000 B.C. during the First Agricultural Revolution, when nomadic tribes began to farm.

4. Dependencies in Agriculture
Soil Quality
Availability Of Water
Use of Fertilizers
Use of high yielding variety of seeds.

5. Crops Grown India China wheat Rice Buffalo Milk Wheat Cow Milk Millet
Corn
Mangoes
Oats
Sugarcane
White Potato
Cotton
Apple
Pulses
Pears

6. Habitat and Adaptations- India
Indian agriculture began by 9000 BC as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals
Double monsoons led to two harvests being reaped in one year
Irrigation channels reach a new level of sophistication in India
In the years since its independence, India has made immense progress towards food security. Indian population has tripled, but food-grain production more than quadrupled due to the Green Revolution
The eating habits of Indians are based on the region they live and the primary agricultural activities in that region.
people of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and West Bengal are rice eaters
people in Punjab and northern states eat wheat
people in Rajasthan grow jowar and bajra.
coconut oil is widely used in Kerala while mustard oil is used in West Bengal
fish is popular in West Bengal and konkan coast
A large number of farmers in India depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. In addition to supplying milk, meat, eggs, wool and hides, animals, mainly bullocks, are the major source of power for farmers. Thus, animal husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy.

7. Habitat and Adaptations- China
Beginning in about 7500 BC with classical millet agriculture, China's development of farming over the course of its history has played a key role in supporting the growth
Severe shortage of arable land, farming in China has always been very labor-intensive.
About 75% of China's cultivated area is used for food crops. Rice is China's most important crop, raised on about 25% of the cultivated area
Other crops include sweet potatoes in the south, white potatoes in the north, and various other fruits and vegetables. Tropical fruits are grown on Hainan Island, apples and pears are grown in northern Liaoning and Shandong.
China is the leading producer of cotton in the world and has a large livestock population, with pigs and fowl being the most common
Rice is a major staple food for people from rice farming areas in southern China. Steamed rice, usually white rice, is the most commonly eaten form. Rice is also used to produce beers, wines and vinegars
Noodles are also a staple food in China
Fish is eaten through out the coastal areas as well as the inland parts of China. During festivals or celebrations, fish is an essential dish at family dinner table. Fish is so important in Chinese food culture is because it is considered a symbol of abundance and prosperity.

8. Common Threats to Indian Farmers
Small landholdings 
Intensive agriculture mainly with primitive methods 
Bad quality of seeds due to poverty among farmers 
Natural calamities like droughts and floods 
Dependence on monsoon and no good irrigation facilities
Traditional upbringing which includes division of land among sons
Farmers are under huge debts 
They are unwilling to learn new techniques and practices like monoculture
Soil Exhaustion
Lack of agricultural marketing

9. Common Threats to Chinese Farmers
Shortage of arable land.
Surpluses of crops and decreased demand from middle class Chinese
Farmers are poor but often pay proportionally more taxes than everyone else
Taxes that often eat up more than half of farmers’ annual incomes
The government monopolizes grain harvests and often prevents farmers from selling their crops on the open market.
More than 200 million farmers have left farming. 

10. Effects on Biosphere Climate Change Deforestation Genetic Engineering
Irrigation
Pollutants
Soil Degradation

11. Statistics India China Food grain Production (2012) 570 MT 250 MT
Paddy Production
197 MT
134 MT
Wheat Production
115 MT
80 MT
Agriculture in GDP composition
10%
17%
Labor Force
33%
49%
Arable Land
159 M hec
130 M hec

12. Thank-you