1. Causes of the Civil War
USH-3.1

2. I. Missouri Compromise
Missouri applying for statehood showed the first problems.
It was to be the 1st new state out of the Louisiana Purchase
Northern states did not want Missouri to enter as a slave state.
It would upset the balance between slave and free states.
It would set a precedent that they could all be slave states

3. I. Missouri Compromise The compromise said:
Missouri entered as a slave state.
Maine entered as a free state.
No slavery in any new state from the Louisiana Purchase above 36° 30’ N.
Southerners learned they needed to keep the balance in the Senate.

4. II. Wilmot Proviso
People saw Polk give up land in Oregon but want slave land in Texas
David Wilmot of PA proposed all land from Mexico be “free soil”
No slave labor
Passed the House but failed in the Senate
Showed the need for a balance

5. III. Compromise of 1850
California became part of the US after the Mexican-American War.
When gold was discovered in 1848, people moved to Cali.
Gold miners didn’t want to compete with slaves so they wanted CA to be “free soil.”
This would upset the balance of free and slave states.

6. III. Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 said:
CA would be a free state.
Slave trade was outlawed in Washington DC.
New Fugitive Slave Law allowed catching slaves in free states.
The rest of the Mexican Cession got to vote whether or not to have slavery.
This is known as popular sovereignty.

7. IV. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas was in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory so it couldn’t be a slave state.
The KS-NE Act repealed the 36° 30’N line prohibiting slavery
Done to get Southern support for a northern transcontinental railroad route

8. IV. Kansas-Nebraska Act
It gave KS and NE popular sovereignty.
Slave owners and abolitionists moved to Kansas to sway the vote.
Fighting between the groups led to “Bleeding Kansas.”

9. V. Dred Scott v Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave who sued his master after being taken to a free state.
He claimed “once free, always free.”
The Supreme Court decided that blacks were not citizens so they had no rights in the US.

10. V. Dred Scott v Sandford
The Court said that Scott was property and the gov’t couldn’t take away property.
Any law that made you give up your slaves was unconstitutional
Missouri Compromise
KS-NE Act
State laws freeing slaves
North was angry and South was happy

11. VI. Abolitionists Want to outlaw slavery
Help with the Underground Railroad
Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Never went to the South to see it first hand
Northerners are upset by the violence b/c they think it’s like that everywhere
Southerners are mad b/c it makes them all look bad

12. VI. Abolitionists
Abolitionist John Brown attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to arm a slave revolt.
His capture and trial made sectionalism worse by scaring slave owners.

13. VII. Election of 1860
Republican Abraham Lincoln campaigned on a platform of “free soil.”
Free soil said that slavery should not EXPAND into the territories.
Lincoln won election with the electoral votes from the North.
The South and border states split their votes.

14. VII. Election of 1860
After Lincoln’s election, SC called a special convention to secede.
They unanimously voted for the Ordinance of Secession
It said that the rights of SC had not been and would not be protected by the federal gov’t.
Six others quickly followed with eventually 11 states creating the Confederate States of America.

15. Confederate States of America United States of America
Two Nations
Confederate States of America
United States of America
California
Minnesota
Connecticut
Missouri
Delaware
New Hampshire
Illinois
New Jersey
Indiana
New York
Iowa
Ohio
Kansas
Kentucky
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Maine
Vermont
Maryland
West Virginia
Massachusetts
Wisconsin
Michigan
Alabama
Arkansas
Georgia
Florida
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia