1. Prepare your scantron: Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under your name. LAST NAME FIRST, First name second Put your 4-digit code instead of “ IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ”. --- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.) Question # 1: answer A Question # 2: answer B Question # 3: answer D Setup: Please take a moment to mute your cell phone! Use a pencil, not a pen! P/f coming – today Reading assignment Chapter 5, pp. 137-164 (Light and matter)

2. sec 45 Question 4 403530252019181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Next question coming … Where in the Sun is energy produced? A Everywhere. B In all the core and in the radiative envelope that surrounds the core. C Only in the photosphere D Only in the core. E Nowhere. This question counts double!

3. sec 45 Question 5 403530252019181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Next question coming … Why does the photosphere look grainy in a telescope? A The strong heat from below causes cracks on the surface of the Sun. B Rising hot bubbles reach the surface and glow until they cool down and sink. C The magnetic field of the Sun makes gas glow when charged particles cross it. D Clouds float over the photosphere. E Asteroids keep falling into the Sun and burn up in the intense heat. This question counts double!

4. sec 45 Question 6 403530252019181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Next question coming … How long does the full solar cycle last, including the magnetic field reversal? A 1 year. B 2 years. C 11 years. D 22 years. E 370 years. This question counts double!

5. sec 30 Question 7 29 How often can you see a solar flare in a telescope in white light? (That is, without special color filters.) How long does it stay visible? A Once a day; ten minutes. B Once a day; a few seconds. C Once every half an hour; ten minutes. D Once a month; ten minutes. E Once a month; a few seconds. 282726252423222120 19 181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 This question counts double!

6. Prominences Seen in H  light (only) Gas follows Magnetic field lines

7. Solar flares Magnetic heating causes nuclear explosions Rare event: -once in a month at solar maximum - flare lives for ten minutes Spits out a lot of gas - gas may leave the Sun Do not confuse flares with prominences: flares are rare and may cause eruptions or prominences prominences need not originate in flares

8. What if an eruption hits Earth? Charged matter from the Sun is deflected by Earth ’ s magnetic field towards the Arctic and Antarctica

9. Aurora Borealis& Australis

10. (from space)

11. Green aurora Aurora Borealis in Canada

12. Red aurora the color varies because the energy of the charged particles varies. Watch Themis movie!

13. Questions coming …

14. sec 30 Question 8 29 What causes aurora? A Exhaust gases from spacecraft. B Charged particles, freed up when atomic bombs blow up. C Cosmic radiation from distant galaxies. D The Sun spits out charged particles and they hit Earth. E The asteroid belt shines in reflected sunlight. 282726252423222120 19 181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Next question coming …

15. sec 30 Question 9 29 What happens when a solar eruption hits Earth? A Hurricanes arise. B Lightening and thunder is caused. C Volcanoes erupt. D Shooting stars fall from the sky. E Aurora flares up. 282726252423222120 19 181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Next question coming …

16. sec 45 Question 10 403530252019181716151413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Why is aurora very rare in Mississippi? A Because the temperature is warm all year. B Because aurora can be seen only in places with very dry climate. C Because Mississippi is closer to the Moon than the Arctic or Antarctica. D Because the magnetic field of Earth deflects charged particles. E Because the Earth spins faster near the equator.