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2. Topics Basic Terminologies Basic Concept of Database System Database Concept Objectives of Database Systems File Processing Approach Database Approach

3. Basic Terminologies Data are facts concerning things such as people, objects or events. Information is data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human interpretation, often with the purpose of revealing trends or patterns. Process involves acquisition, storage, manipulation, retrieval and distribution.

4. Basic Terminologies

5. Basic Concept of Database System Concept of the database begins by considering what information could be provided, rather than what information needs of particular applications.

6. Basic Concept of Database System Because of enormous technological advances in computer engineering in data capture, storage, processing and transmission, it is now practicable to record and store all the information generated by any operation or decision within a company in a set of files which would be called a database.

7. Basic Concept of Database System Different programs can be written, each using the same database. A database is a collection of logically related data files which is integrated and organized so as to provide a single comprehensive file system. The purpose of a database is to provide convenient access to the common data for a wide variety of users and user needs.

8. Database Concept A database is a collection of some logically related files. A file is a collection of some logically related records and a record is a collection of some logically related data fields.

9. Database Concept

10. Objectives of Database System A database must be shared by a community of users. The integrity of the database must be preserved. The database should integrate the operational files of the corporate organization. The database should be capable of evolving, both in the short term and in the longer term.

11. File Processing Approach A traditional approach to information system design. Focuses on the data processing needs of individual departments in the organization.

12. File Processing Approach Disadvantages Uncontrolled Redundancy Inconsistent Data Inflexibility Limited Data Sharing Poor Enforcement of Standards Excessive Program Maintenance

13. Advantages of Database System Avoidance of unnecessary duplication of data. Multiple use of data: it follows that although data is input once, it can be used for several purposes. A database provides data for the organization as a whole, not just for individual departments.

14. Advantages of Database System The organization of data into a database, rather than into separate files, encourages the integration of data. Because data is only held once, it is easier to ensure that it is up-to-date. Data file is independent of the user programs that access the data. Developing new application programs with a DBMS is easier.

15. Advantages of Database System Off-the-shelf' DBMS software packages can be obtained, and so the cost of installing a database can be reduced.

16. Disadvantages of Database System Problems of data security & data privacy. Since there is only one set of data, it is essential that the data should be accurate and free from corruption. Since data is held once, but its use is widespread, there are potential problems of recovery of data in event of a system failure. A database implies a central file, but access might be required from a wide geographical area.

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