1. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 HOW DID THE PLANETS FORM ? ( Before about 1700 this would have been an idle question – not enough was known about physics and chemistry.)

2. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 FACTS TO EXPLAIN -- Nearly circular orbits, same plane -- Move in same direction -- Spacing of the orbits, distr. of mass -- Most planets rotate same direction -- Terrestrial vs. gas-giant planets -- Gas-giants have moons -- Asteroid belt -- etc.

3. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 NEWTONIAN ORBITS, 1700: “Calculate backward in time” ???

4. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 GEORGES-LOUIS LECLERC DE BUFFON, 1707—1788 -- Naturalist -- Precursor to evolution theory -- Non-biblical history of Earth (Earth 75,000 years old?) Movie trivia: Jefferson in Paris (1995) Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001)

5. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Comte de Buffon’s theory (c. 1770): tidal forces

6. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 IMMANUEL KANT 1724—1804 German (Prussian) philosopher

7. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 PIERRE SIMON DE LAPLACE 1749—1827 -- Famous mathematician and physicist -- Mechanique Celeste -- Theory of probability -- Minister of the Interior (but later turned against Napoleon) -- etc.

8. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 LAPLACE 1796: Exposition du System du Monde ( a book for ordinary people! )

9. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 “NEBULAE”: mysterious glowing clouds in space

10. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 KANT AND LAPLACE SUGGESTED THAT NEBULAE WERE PLANETARY SYSTEMS BEING FORMED: “THE NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS”

11. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

13. Buffon proposed a “catastrophic” theory; but The nebular hypothesis was an “evolutionary” theory. ( explain )

14. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Buffon proposed a “catastrophic” theory; The nebular hypothesis was an “evolutionary” theory. The practical difference is enormous.

15. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

18. AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM)

19. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it)

20. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it) 1770, Buffon, cooling of the Earth: 75,000 years

21. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it) 1770, Buffon, cooling of the Earth: 75,000 years 1850, fossils: millions of years?

22. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it) 1770, Buffon, cooling of the Earth: 75,000 years 1850, fossils: millions of years? 1880, salt in ocean: even older?

23. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it) 1770, Buffon, cooling of the Earth: 75,000 years 1850, fossils: millions of years? 1880, salt in ocean: even older? 1890, Kelvin, cooling of both the Earth and the Sun: 30—100 million years

24. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 AGE OF THE EARTH (AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM) c. 1750, The Bible: maybe 6000 years (depending on who was interpreting it) 1770, Buffon, cooling of the Earth: 75,000 years 1850, fossils: millions of years? 1880, salt in ocean: even older? 1890, Kelvin, cooling of both the Earth and the Sun: 30—100 million years 1910, RADIOACTIVITY: billions of years!

25. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 RADIOACTIVE DATING OF METEORITES: THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS 4.6 – 4.7 BILLION YEARS OLD. ( 4.65 x 10 9 = 4,650,000,000 years )

26. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

36. EARLY ATMOSPHERE DIDN’T HAVE MUCH O 2.

37. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

40. NEXT: THINGS THAT GO BOOMP IN THE NIGHT COSMIC IMPACTS

41. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 IMPACT CRATERS ON THE MOON, MARS, MERCURY

42. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

44. ... AND SMALLER METEOROIDS, OF COURSE. ( ALL SIZES )

45. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 FLASHES SEEN ON MOON! (?)

46. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

48. NE Arizona, 50,000 years old

49. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Australia, 300,000 years old

50. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Northern Quebec, 1 million years

51. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Northern Canada, 200 million years old

52. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

54. GEOLOGISTS’ K-T BOUNDARY, 65 MILLION YEARS AGO (“CRETACEOUS – TERTIARY”)

55. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 GEOLOGISTS’ K-T BOUNDARY, 65 MILLION YEARS AGO (“CRETACEOUS – TERTIARY”) DINOSAURS R.I.P.

56. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

57. IRIDIUM-RICH LAYER IN ROCKS

58. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 SO WHAT? WHY IS IRIDIUM IMPORTANT? ( explain )

59. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 THE CHICXULUB EVENT, 65 MILLION YEARS AGO

60. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 EFFECTS OF A BIG IMPACT -- BLAST WAVE IN THE AIR -- SEISMIC (earthquake)

61. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 EFFECTS OF A BIG IMPACT -- SEISMIC (earthquake) -- TSUNAMI (see picture)

62. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

63. EFFECTS OF A BIG IMPACT -- SEISMIC (earthquake) -- TSUNAMI (see picture) -- PLANETARY CONFLAGRATION

64. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 EFFECTS OF A BIG IMPACT -- SEISMIC (earthquake) -- TSUNAMI (see picture) -- PLANETARY CONFLAGRATION -- LONG LONG WINTER

65. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 EFFECTS OF A BIG IMPACT -- SEISMIC (earthquake) -- TSUNAMI (see picture) -- PLANETARY CONFLAGRATION -- LONG LONG WINTER ---- ALTOGETHER, BIBLICAL IN SCOPE.  ----

66. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 ASTEROIDS

67. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 COMET NUCLEUS

68. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 MENTION HOW TO ESTIMATE FREQUENCY OF EVENTS

69. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007

73. SIBERIA 1908: THE TUNGUSKA EVENT PHOTO TAKEN 20 YEARS LATER

74. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007 Vela satellite Sept. 1979: a mystery

75. Ast 1001 -- 1 Nov 2007