1. CHAPTER 1 The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

2. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization IV. The Transformation of Europe

3. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Ötzi - c. 3300 B.C.E. I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization Definitions: culture, civilization A. Paleolithic Age, 200,000-100,000 Y.A. Homo sapiens sapiens Cave art 15,000 Y.A. end of Ice Age B. Neolithic Revolution Domestication

4. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization C. Three areas of cultivation Levantine Corridor (Fertile Crescent) Abu Hureyra from c. 9500 B.C.E. 8000-7700 B.C.E.., cultivation Jericho Iran, Zagros Mountains Sawi Chemi Shanidar from c. 9000 B.C.E. Anatolia Çatal Hüyük obsidian trade

5. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia A. Sumer from c. 5300 B.C.E. by 2500 B.C.E. 12 cities Uruk 10-50,000 people Religion Anu Enlil Inanna Ziggurats Epic of Gilgamesh Enkidu Mathematics use of 360˚ Writing cuneiform 2340, end of independent Sumer

6. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia B. Akkadians into Mesopotamia, late 3000's B.C.E. Sargon (c.2340-c.2305 B.C.E. empire tribute treaties collapse c. 2100 B.C.E. C. Dominance of Ur Ur-Nammu (c. 2112-c. 2095 B.C.E.)

7. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia D. Assyria and Babylonia Amorites, from 2000 B.C.E. Assyria Ashur trading network from 1900 B.C.E. Babylon Hammurabi (c.1792-1750 B.C.E.) Law Code of Hammurabi c. 1500 B.C.E., collapse

8. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization Nile - 4000 miles Predynastic, 10,000-3000 B.C.E. Old Kingdom, 3000-2200 B.C.E. Middle Kingdom, 2040-1785 B.C.E. New Kingdom, 1600-1100 B.C.E. A. The Old Kingdom villages from 5000 B.C.E. end of Predynastic period unification, c. 3500-3000 B.C.E. Narmer, c. 3100 B.C.E. Kings centralized hieroglyphs Religion Ra Osiris, Isis

9. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 B. The Middle Kingdom, c. 2040-1785 B.C.E. Pyramids royal tombs at Abydos from 2800 B.C.E. from 2680 B.C.E. King Djoser Saqqara, Step Pyramid Khufu (Cheops) Great Pyramid, Giza, c. 2600 B.C.E. c. 2200 B.C.E., collapse First Intermediate Period, c. 2200-2000 B.C.E. Mentuhotep, from 2040 B.C.E. shift in leadership Amenemhet I (1991-1962 B.C.E.) Contact with other Civilizations Byblos Thoth > Taut Nubia slave labor Punt (Somalia) trade Immigration Hyksos, c.1750 B.C.E.

10. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Transformation of Europe Neolithic from c. 7000 B.C.E. A. Linear Pottery Culture across Europe from c. 4500 B.C.E., larger villages Megaliths Stonehenge, 3000-1600 B.C.E. B. Battle Axe Cultures 3500-2000 B.C.E. stone and copper axes Kurgan peoples Russian steppes from 3000 B.C.E. Indo-European C. Technology and Social Change plow, 2600 B.C.E. individual burials