1. Chapter 11 Age of Imperialism Honors World History C. Simmons

2. Chapter 11 Section 1 Scramble for Africa

3. Africa before European Domination Europeans struggled to reach interior of continent, Africans used own resources to trade with Europeans Europeans struggled to reach interior of continent, Africans used own resources to trade with Europeans Mystery of David Livingstone Mystery of David Livingstone King Leopold – the good, the bad, and the ugly King Leopold – the good, the bad, and the ugly This opened the flood gates as Europeans flowed in and colonized most of the African continent This opened the flood gates as Europeans flowed in and colonized most of the African continent

5. Forces Driving Imperialism As Europe industrialized new markets were needed to trade As Europe industrialized new markets were needed to trade Search for cache of raw materials to fuel industrialization Search for cache of raw materials to fuel industrialization National pride (nationalism) National pride (nationalism) European superiority – racism is the belief one race is better than another European superiority – racism is the belief one race is better than another - Social Darwinism, those who were wealthiest and successful were considered superior to others

6. The Division of Africa Discovery of raw materials like diamonds and gold caused a scramble for control Discovery of raw materials like diamonds and gold caused a scramble for control Fear of war led to the Berlin Conference where Africa was divided by European leaders Fear of war led to the Berlin Conference where Africa was divided by European leaders Led to complete exploitation of African land and people Led to complete exploitation of African land and people

7. Clash over S Africa Fighting among 3 groups: Africans, British, and the Dutch Fighting among 3 groups: Africans, British, and the Dutch Shaka Zulu challenged British control with valiant effort almost defeating the European army who used firearms the Zulu eventually fell Shaka Zulu challenged British control with valiant effort almost defeating the European army who used firearms the Zulu eventually fell Dutch settlers known as Boers would fight the British over control of the Cape of Good Hope (Boer War) Dutch settlers known as Boers would fight the British over control of the Cape of Good Hope (Boer War)

8. Chapter 11 Section 2 Imperialism (Case Study Nigeria)

9. New Imperialistic Period Imperialism was a much deeper penetration into other cultures Imperialism was a much deeper penetration into other cultures Forms of control-colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism (p.346) Forms of control-colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, and economic imperialism (p.346) Methods of control- indirect v. direct Methods of control- indirect v. direct Direct control- policy of paternalism (parents) and eventually assimilation Direct control- policy of paternalism (parents) and eventually assimilation Indirect control – local rulers kept in charge Indirect control – local rulers kept in charge

10. A British Colony Different ways Britain conquered Nigeria Different ways Britain conquered Nigeria 1. Diplomatic 2. Militarily 3. Economically Managing the colony Managing the colony Problems with very diverse cultures Problems with very diverse cultures

11. African Resistance Africans never had an advantage due to their lack of firearms Africans never had an advantage due to their lack of firearms Most resistance movements were unsuccessful (Maji-Maji story) Most resistance movements were unsuccessful (Maji-Maji story) Successful movement – Ethiopia is only African nation able to resist Europeans due to one man Menelik II Successful movement – Ethiopia is only African nation able to resist Europeans due to one man Menelik II Battle of Adowa Ethiopians keep their independence and defeat Italy Battle of Adowa Ethiopians keep their independence and defeat Italy

12. Legacy of colonial rule Negative Effects – death, political confusion, boundary disputes, breakdown of traditional cultures, created identity problems for African people Negative Effects – death, political confusion, boundary disputes, breakdown of traditional cultures, created identity problems for African people Positive outcomes – improvement in standard of living, infrastructure, literacy, all in the interest of Europeans not Africans Positive outcomes – improvement in standard of living, infrastructure, literacy, all in the interest of Europeans not Africans

13. Chapter 11 Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Muslim Lands

14. Ottoman Empire Loses Power Suleyman I was the last great sultan, after his death the empire began to fall into disarray Suleyman I was the last great sultan, after his death the empire began to fall into disarray High inflation caused an economic collapse High inflation caused an economic collapse Ottoman people began to stir about nationalism, feeling of great interest of your own country Ottoman people began to stir about nationalism, feeling of great interest of your own country

15. Europeans invade for territory Geopolitics – invasion of land for strategic reasons Geopolitics – invasion of land for strategic reasons Ottoman land was very valuable because it controlled access to Mediterranean and Atlantic Trade routes for landlocked countries. Ottoman land was very valuable because it controlled access to Mediterranean and Atlantic Trade routes for landlocked countries. Crimean War – helps Russia gather control over Slavic states Crimean War – helps Russia gather control over Slavic states

16. Egypt and Persia pressured to change Egypt builds the Suez Canal, seen as the “lifeline of the empire” Egypt builds the Suez Canal, seen as the “lifeline of the empire” Modernization efforts were devastating to finances Modernization efforts were devastating to finances Riots over tobacco and oil Riots over tobacco and oil Europeans exploited Muslim territories economically Europeans exploited Muslim territories economically

18. Chapter 11 Section 4 British Imperialism in India

19. Britain expands control over India India important b/c it’s natural resources India important b/c it’s natural resources British East India Company British East India Company India was called “Jewel of the Crown” India was called “Jewel of the Crown” Sepoys- Indian soldiers hired by the British Sepoys- Indian soldiers hired by the British Negatives = Markets were flooded with traded British goods, this devastated local producers, end of self-sufficiency, caused famines Negatives = Markets were flooded with traded British goods, this devastated local producers, end of self-sufficiency, caused famines Positives = infrastructure, modernization, schools, public health. Positives = infrastructure, modernization, schools, public health.

20. Sepoy Mutiny Racism, conversion, ill-treatment preludes Indian rebellion Racism, conversion, ill-treatment preludes Indian rebellion “Cow-fat bullets” “Cow-fat bullets” Led to crisis and rebellion of sepoys = turning point in British rule Led to crisis and rebellion of sepoys = turning point in British rule Raj – direct British control over India Raj – direct British control over India Ram Mohun Roy – calls for independence Ram Mohun Roy – calls for independence Fighting continued for years to come Fighting continued for years to come

22. Chapter 5 Section 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia

23. Europeans invade Pacific Rim Natural resources were abundant on the Pacific Islands Natural resources were abundant on the Pacific Islands Dutch –Indonesia Dutch –Indonesia British – Malayan Peninsula British – Malayan Peninsula French – Indochina French – Indochina Colonization led to the blending and clashes of many different cultures. One reason why region is so volatile today Colonization led to the blending and clashes of many different cultures. One reason why region is so volatile today

24. Siam remains defiant King Mongkut – modernized country, also promoted region as buffer zone b/t French (Vietnam) and British (Burma) King Mongkut – modernized country, also promoted region as buffer zone b/t French (Vietnam) and British (Burma) Differed b/c foreign influence not present so less racial and cultural chaos Differed b/c foreign influence not present so less racial and cultural chaos

26. US Imperialism in Pacific 1898 Spanish American War > Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico 1898 Spanish American War > Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico Philippines led to struggle – Filipino nationalist, Emilio Aguinaldo Philippines led to struggle – Filipino nationalist, Emilio Aguinaldo Hawaii interest Americans b/c of sugar Hawaii interest Americans b/c of sugar McKinnley Tariff changed price of sugar McKinnley Tariff changed price of sugar Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore power to Hawaiians Queen Liliuokalani wanted to restore power to Hawaiians American Businessmen Plot to overthrow the Queen American Businessmen Plot to overthrow the Queen