1. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Speed and Velocity and acceleration Prior learning Definition and equation for speed Key words –Speed, distance, time, velocity, direction Topic – Physics 2a Wednesday 8 th February

2. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Starter: From last lesson: 1.A cricket ball travelling at 45.0ms-1 East is hit back at 35.0ms-1 west. Determine change in velocity? 2.A tennis ball is travelling 24.0ms-1 west and is hit south at 20.0ms-1, what is the change in velocity?

3. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces answers 1.V = final – initial 1.35 west – 45 East 2.=35 west + 45 west 3.= 80ms-1 2.V = final – initial 1.20.0ms-1 south – 24.0ms-1 west 2.20.0ms-1 south + 24.0ms-1 east 3.Tan θ = opp/adj 4.Tan θ = 24/20 = 1.20 5.-tan 1.20 = 50.2 o 6.S 50.2 o E or 50.2 o east of south

4. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Ave Speed Definition: How fast you are going at a particular time OR Distance travelled divided by time taken Units: metres per second (ms-1) Symbol: speed. Example: While exercising vigorously, it took you 12 minutes to run 4.0 km, what was your average speed. distance = 4 000 m speed (ave) = distance = 4000 time, t = 12 x 60 t 720 t = 720 s speed (ave) = 5.6 ms-1 Unfortunately, that is all we can tell about the speed. (scalar) For more information we need velocity as that is a vector quantity and will give us not only a magnitude but also a direction.

5. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Instantaneous speed Speed at any one particular moment Distance moved / time taken

6. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Velocity Let’s return to your run across the park. While your average speed will tell you how fast, on average, you were travelling, your velocity will tell you the rate at which your displacement changes and in what direction. Average Velocity: This is your total displacement (where you started to where you finished) divided by the time it took. Average velocity explains why your exercising in the park produced a zero velocity as your displacement was zero. Definition: The rate of change of displacement OR Displacement divided by time taken Units: metres per second (ms-1) Symbol: Vav for average velocity; u for initial velocity and v for final velocity

7. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Velocity - Example Example: You are running across the park from the east towards the west. You have run the first kilometre towards the west then have returned 0.50 km east. If that part of the run took 4.5 minutes, what was your average velocity for that part of the run? 1000 m W Displacement = 500 m E s = 500 m W s = 500 m W t = 4.5 minutes V av = 1.9 ms-1 west t = 4.5 x 60 t = 270 s

8. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Copy and complete worked example Beth initially stands 200m from paula. She runs 400m towards the park. The steady run took 80s, she then rested for 20s and then jogged back to Paula in 180s. –Graph Beths movement on a displacement time graph –Draw displacement –What distance has Beth travelled –What is Beths displacement? –At what time did Beth go past her original starting point?

9. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Answers Travelled a total of 1000m (400+400+200) Displacement is 200m At time 220s – she is back at starting point time displacement

10. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Task Calculate Beths average speed for the run? Calculate Beths instantaneous speed at 20s?

11. Physics 2a = Motion and Forces Task - answers Calculate Beths average speed for the run? –Ave speed = dist / time –distance = 400 + 600 = 1000m –Time = 80+20+180 = 280s –Vav = 1000/280 = 3.6ms-1 Calculate Beths instantaneous speed at 20s? –For the first 80s instantaneous speed is the same –V=s/t –400/80 –5.0ms-1