1. Canada Introduction

2. Canada

3.  About 50% of Canada is forested, and the remaining vegetation is tundra ( 冻原 ) and grassland.  About 30% of Canada is uninhabited  Canada is 2nd largest country  The population density, 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometer, is among the lowest in the world.  Canada shares with the U.S. the world's longest undefended border at 8,893 kilometers

4. Canadian Climate  Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary according to the location.  Winters can be harsh in many regions of the country, especially in the interior and Prairie provinces, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C, but can drop below −40 °C

5. Aboriginal People of Canada  The 3 broad classifications of Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis.  There are currently over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands encompassing 1,172,790 peoples spread across Canada with distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and music.  Evidence shows that North America has been populated for at least the past 10,000 years.

6. Canadian Provinces and Territories  ten provinces and three territories.  Quebec is the largest of the provinces.  Ontario is the most populous

7. Canadian Government  Like America, Canada has is a federalist government.  Canada is a commonwealth state of Queen Elizabeth II. Canada’s government is independent of England, but the English monarch serves as the head of state.  In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is the foundation of the state.

8. The Provinces Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Nunavut

9. Quebec  Quebec is the largest of the provinces by area, and has the second largest population.  It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French- speaking population. The official language is French.  Sovereignty is a major topic in Quebec’s politics.

10. Montreal, Quebec  Montreal is the largest city in Quebec and is the 2 nd largest city in Canada.  Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city after Paris.

11. Nova Scotia  Nova Scotia is one of the three maritime provinces of Canada

12. New Brunswick  Maritime Province  New Bruswick is the only official bi-lingual province (French and English)  Many of the ethnically British of New Brusnswick settled in Canada during the American Revolution, thus the motto of the province is “Hope was restored.”

13. Prince Edward Island  Maritime Province  Smallest land area and population  nickname: "Garden of the Gulf”  economy: agriculture, tourism, and fishery

14. Newfoundland and Labrador The Straight of Belle Isle divides the province into the 2 areas, Newfoundland and Labrador Cupids, Newfoundland is the oldest official British colony in Canada. In 2010, it had a 400 year celebration

15. Newfoundland The Grand Banks  Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a group of underwater plateaus. These areas are shallow with a lot of nutrients in the water.  These conditions make the Grand Banks one of the richest fishing grounds in the world

16. Ontario  Ontario is has the largest population of the Canadian provinces  Ontario borders the Great Lakes.  Fertile soil, abundant resources

17. Ontario Horseshoe Falls  The Horseshoe Falls, also known as the Canadian Falls, is part of Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River.

18. Toronto, Ontario  Toronto is the capital city of Ontario. It is the most populous city in Canada.  Toronto is one of the world‘s most diverse cities by percentage of non-native- born residents. About 49% of the population were born outside Canada. UNESCO recognized Toronto as the most ethnically diverse city in the world.

19. Manitoba  The province of Manitoba has over 110,000 lakes  Winnipeg is the largest city in Manitoba  Like much of Canada, Winnipeg has an extreme climate. Temperatures remain below 0 °C during the winter, with snow from November until March. The coldest temperature in Winnipeg was −47.8 °C in 1879. The highest temperature in Winnipeg was 42.2 °C in 1936.

20. Saskatchewan  Saskatchewan is one of the prairie provinces.

21. Alberta  Alberta's economy is one of the strongest in Canada, supported by the petroleum industry  Alberta is the largest producer of conventional crude oil, synthetic crude, natural gas and gas products in the country. Alberta is the world’s 2nd largest exporter of natural gas and the 4th largest producer.

22. Moraine Lake Alberta, Canada The Moraine Lake is a glacially fed lake in Alberta, Canada.

23. British Columbia  British Columbia is the westernmost of the provinces and is known for it’s great natural beauty and many national parks.

24. Nunavut  Nunavut is both the least populous and the largest in geography of the provinces and territories of Canada. It has an estimated population of over 33,000, mostly Inuit, spread over an area the size of Western Europe.  The geography is mostly arctic tundra. Nunavut’s largest city, Iqaluit

25. Northwest Territories (NWT)  As of 2010 there are 33 official communities in the NWT. These range in size from Yellowknife with a population of 18,700 to Kakisa with 52 people.  The territories of Canada have less autonomy than the provinces.

26. Northwest Territories Great Bear Lake The Great Bear Lake of the Northwest Territories is the largest lake located entirely within Canada, it’s the 4th largest lake in North America.The last 2 world-record trout were caught in Great Bear.

27. Yukon Territories  The sparsely populated Yukon has many snow-melt lakes and year-round snow-capped mountains. Although the climate is Arctic and subarctic and very dry, with long, cold winters, the long sunshine hours in short summer allow crops, vegetables, flowers and fruit to grow.  Historically, the Yukon's major industry has been mining (lead, zinc, silver, gold, asbestos and copper)

28. The Yukon River  The Yukon is one of the 2 major rivers in Canada  The Yukon River is the third longest river in North America.

29. Mount Logan  Mount Logan in the Yukon Territory is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America, after Mount McKinley in Alaska.

30. The Maple Tree Maple Tree

31. Maple Syrup  Maple syrup is a syrup made from the sap( 树液 ) of 3 types of maple trees: sugar maple, red maple or black maple trees.  Syrup is a thick, sugary liquid. (Sugar water is known as “simple syrup”)

32. Syrup  We add syrups on pancakes, french toast, and other desserts, such as ice cream. It is also used in baking.  There are many varieties of syrup, but Canada is most famous for maple syrup.

33. Canadian Wildlife

34. Polar BearGrizzly Bear

35. American “Buffalo” aka American Bison

36. The American Bison & Canadian Wood Bison  The bison is the largest land animal in North America  In the past, bison roamed North America in massive herds  Overhunting greatly reduced their numbers.  Today, bison are generally raised for their meat and leather  movie: Dances with Wolves

37. The American Bison & Canadian Wood Bison Original distribution of BisonCurrent Distribution of Bison

38. Wood Buffalo National Park  The Wood Buffalo National Park is Canada’s largest National Park, created to protect the world’s largest herd of free-roaming wood buffalo.

39. Moose Moose are the largest member of the deer family. They can be found all over Canada and in some areas of the Northern US.

40. Caribou, aka Reindeer

41. Elk

42. Wolves

43. Arctic Wolf aka Polar Wolf, aka White Wolf inhabit the northern regions of Canada. The arctic wolf can survive for weeks without food.

44. Arctic Hare Arctic hares, aka polar rabbits, have very long feet and ears and are adapted to living in the arctic environment.

45. Canadian Goose Canadian Geese Canadian geese are migratory birds which breed in Canada.

46. Humming Birds

48. Rivers

49. Mountains

50. Lakes