1. Bio 101
Laboratories 11 & 12
Muscle Histology Gross Human Skeletal Muscle Cat Muscle Dissection I & II
12 slides, 20 min.

2. What you should do in labs 11 & 12 …
Today (Lab 11)
Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
Begin cat muscle dissection
Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle before leaving
Next Lab (Lab 12)
Finish cat muscle dissection
Review muscle histology
Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
Get tested on cat muscles before leaving

3. Histology of Muscle Tissue
Three types of muscle tissue you will need to view under the microscope
Skeletal (slide # 1310)
Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide # 1790)
Smooth (slide # 1250, 3008 – histological preparation)
See Activity 4 (pp ) in Marieb’s Lab Manual Muscle Tissue Characteristics
Complete #19 (table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give you a good comparison table to study for the lab exam

4. Skeletal Muscle Major characteristics Major Functions Contractile
Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleated
Unbranched
Major Functions
Voluntary movement
Heat generation

5. Skeletal Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, multinucleated, non-branched

6. Cardiac Muscle Major characteristics Major Function Contractile
Involuntary
Striated
Single nucleus
Branched
Intercalated discs
Major Function
Pump blood

7. Cardiac Muscle
Notice that this tissue is: Striated, mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated disks

8. Smooth Muscle Major characteristics Major Function Contractile
Involuntary
NOT Striated
Single, centrally located nucleus
Unbranched
Major Function
Controls size/shape of organs
Constricts blood vessels

9. Smooth Muscle
Cytology
Notice that this tissue is: Not striated, mononucleated, and non-branched
Histology

10. Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy
Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201) in Marieb’s Exercise 15 for an overview.
Look at your Study Guide for a list of the muscles for which you’ll be responsible on the lab exam
Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need to know.
Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup, beginning on page 679 in Marieb’s Laboratory Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the human skeletal muscles. (Especially important for clinical practice)

11. Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy
Muscular system
All skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily
Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans
Shape or appearance give clues to function
Locomotion and posture; work across joints
Origin – point of muscle attachment that moves least
Insertion – point of muscle attachment that moves most
Support soft tissue; sheets between bony tissue
Guard body entrances/exits; encircle opening

12. How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
Direction
Orientation relative to body midline
Rectus, transverse, oblique
Size
Relative size of muscle
Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus, vastus
Shape
Relative shape of muscle
Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

13. How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
Action
Principle action
Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator
Number of origins
Number of tendons of origin
Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
Location
Temporalis, femoris
Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in name)
Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

14. Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle
Muscles of the Head * * * * *
Notice how the origins and insertions work…
Also see the PAL in Mastering A&P for skeletal muscle

15. Muscles of the Upper Body* * * * * *

16. Muscles of the Upper Body* * *

17. Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula* * * * * * * *
Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

18. Muscles that Move the Foot* *

19. Muscles that Move the Foot* * * * *

20. Cat Dissection
Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 on page 697 of Marieb’s Laboratory Manual.
Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the cat muscles you’ll need to identify for the lab exam.
Note:
Some muscles are superficial and some are deep
It’s best to do superficial dissection on one side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other

21. * * * * * * * * Pectoantebrachialis Tibialis anterior Pectoralis minor
External oblique
Gracilis *
Xiphihumeralis
Sartorius * *
01_C0032_labeled.jpg
Gastrocnemius
Pectoralis major

22. Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius *
External oblique
Levator scapulae ventralis * * *
Semitendinosus
Clavotrapezius
Gastrocnemius *
Spinotrapezius * *
Latissimus dorsi
Sartorius * *
Gluteal muscles
Biceps femoris *
Clavodeltoid * *
Spinodeltoid
Tensor fasciae latae
02_C0033_labeled.jpg
Acromiotrapezius
Lumbodorsal fascia
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

23. ID neck muscles by photograph only
Digastric muscles
Mylohyoid *
Sternohyoid
Sternomastoid
03_C0034_labeled.jpg *
Clavotrapezius
ID neck muscles by photograph only

24. * Pectoantebrachialis * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis *
04_C0035_labeled.jpg
Xiphihumeralis *
Pectoralis major

25. * Pectoralis major * * Pectoralis minor Xiphihumeralis *
Pectoantebrachialis *
Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis *
External oblique
05_C2005_labeled.jpg *
Rectus abdominis

26. * Pectoantebrachialis * Latissimus dorsi Xiphihumeralis
06_C2007_labeled.jpg

27. External oblique (cut and reflected)*
External oblique (cut and reflected) *
Rectus abdominis *
Transversus abdominis *
Internal oblique
07_C2004_labeled.jpg

28. * * Pectoralis major * Serratus ventralis * Rectus abdominis
Pectoantebrachialis *
Pectoralis major *
Serratus ventralis *
Rectus abdominis
08_C2006_labeled.jpg

29. Levator scapulae ventralis*
Lumbodorsal fascia
Latissimus dorsi *
Spinodeltoid *
Acromiotrapezius *
Clavotrapezius *
Spinotrapezius *
Clavodeltoid
09_C0037_labeled.jpg
Levator scapulae ventralis *
Acromiodeltoid

30. Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius*
Spinotrapezius *
Clavotrapezius *
Acromiotrapezius
10_C0038_labeled.jpg *
Latissimus dorsi
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius = Trapezius

31. Levator scapulae ventralis * Acromiodeltoid
Clavotrapezius *
Clavodeltoid
Levator scapulae ventralis *
Acromiodeltoid * *
Acromiotrapezius
Spinodeltoid *
Spinotrapezius *
Latissimus dorsi
11_C2003_labeled.jpg
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid = Deltoid

32. Triceps brachii (medial head)*
Brachioradialis *
Biceps brachii *
Pronator teres
12_C2002_labeled.jpg *
Triceps brachii (medial head)

33. Extensor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi radialis *
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum profundus *
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
13_C0039_labeled.jpg *
Pronator teres *
Biceps brachii *
Triceps brachii
Epitrochlearis

34. * * * * Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi radialis
14_C0040_labeled.jpg *
Pronator teres
Epitrochlearis *
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

35. * * * * * * * Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum lateralis
Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum communis *
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Extensor carpi radialis longus *
Triceps brachii (long head) *
Clavodeltoid *
Spinodeltoid *
Acromiodeltoid *
Clavotrapezius
15_C0041_labeled.jpg

36. Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)*
Brachioradialis *
Clavodeltoid
16_C2001_labeled.jpg *
Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)

37. *
Sartorius *
17_C0043_labeled.jpg
Gracilis

38. * Adductor longus * Adductor femoris * Semimembranosus Pectineus *
Tensor fasciae latae
18_C0044_labeled.jpg *
Rectus femoris *
Vastus medialis *
Vastus lateralis
Fascia lata

39. * Rectus femoris Pectineus * * Vastus lateralis * * Vastus medialis *
Adductor longus *
Adductor femoris *
Vastus medialis
19_C2011_labeled.jpg *
Semimembranosus

40. Flexor digitorum longus*
Tibialis anterior *
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
20_C0045_labeled.jpg

41. Flexor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius
Tibialis anterior
21_C2009_labeled.jpg

42. * Tensor fasciae latae * Biceps femoris * Gluteus medius *
Semimembranosus *
Semitendinosus
22_C0046_labeled.jpg *
Gluteus maximus
Caudofemoralis

43. * Gluteus medius * Gluteus maximus Caudofemoralis * Biceps femoris *
Gastrocnemius
23_C2012_labeled.jpg *
Semitendinosus

44. Extensor digitorum longus * Gastrocnemius
Soleus
24_C0048_labeled.jpg *
Fibularis muscles

45. For next regular lab… For Brain and Cranial Nerves; Sheep brain
Read Exercises 24 and 25 in Wood’s Lab Manual
(Ex 24) Spinal cord anatomy: pp
(Ex 25) Human Brain anatomy: pp
(Ex 25) Cranial Nerves: pp
(Ex 25) Sheep brain: pp