1. Vision Loss, Physiological and Behavior changes

2. Vision Loss Causes & Consequences Vision loss due to stroke (Carlson, 2010, p. 4) –Blindsight Glaucoma (Cook, et.al., 2006, p. 963) Macular Degeneration

3. The Case of Blindsight Carlson (2010) explicates the case study of a man “blinded” by his stroke. Despite “pinhole” vision, the man senses where objects in the room are beyond the scope of vision. Carlson (2010) deems this blindsight and the result of evolution.

4. Macular Degeneration 8 million in the U.S. over 55 years of age with early or mid-stage disease (Milton, 2005). Leading cause of blindness in the elderly (Georgia Tech, 2008) Neurovascular Almost all persons who show early signs eventually develop late-stage disease

5. Glaucoma Leading cause of blindness in the world (Cook, et.al., 2010, p. 1093) Ambivalence Lack of adherence to behavioral/ self-efficacy training and recommendations Advanced age

6. Brain Changes Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and adaptation Shifts in the usage of the frontal cortex and deciphering/processing May change behavior but less noticably.

7. Brain changes in processing MRIs show compensating changes with vision loss Reorganizes the neural connections. Yet, this is also dependent on a person’s behavior Georgia Tech, 2008

8. References Carlson, N. R. (2010). Physiology of Behavior, Tenth Edition. Allyn & Bacon: Pearson Education, Inc. Cook, J. et.al. (2006). Chapter 50. Loss of Vision and Hearing. Retrieved from http://files.dcp2.org/pdf/DCP/DCP50.pdf Cook, P. F. et.al. (2010). Feasibility of motivational interviewing delivered by a glaucoma educator to improve medical adherence. Clinical Ophthalmology, 4: 1091-1101. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2952610/ Georgia Institute of Technology (2008, November 20). Brain Reorganizes To Adjust For Loss Of Vision. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 10, 2012, from http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2008/11/081120130541.htm Jones, G.C., et.al. (2009 May). Effects of depressive symptoms on health behavior practices among older adults with vision loss. Rehabilitative Psychology, 54(2): 164-172. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19469606 Milton, R.C. (2005). Risk Factors for the Incidence of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) AREDS Report No. 19. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513667/