1. Bacteria
Chapter 7

2. 3 basic shapes of bacteria
1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus)
2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus)
3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)

3. Parts of bacterial cell
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
cell wall
1 circular chromosome
Plasmid (smaller piece of DNA)
ribosomes

4. Special Features
capsule – thick sticky gel –like layer around outside of cell wall
Protects bacteria from destruction by other cells
Help it to stick to surfaces
Slime layer – helps bacteria to stick to surfaces
Reduces water loss

5. Flagella – help them to move

6. Characteristics of Bacteria
Found everywhere on earth
Smaller than plant and animal cells
One-celled organism
Grow alone or in groups or chains

7. Reproduction Sexual reproduction – conjugation
Requires a joining of cells to exchange genetic material
Draw this diagram

8. Reproduction
Asexual - binary fission
Splitting in two

9. Obtaining food Producers Autotrophs
Make own food – contain chlorophyll

10. Consumers – eat other organisms Heterotrophs Consumers –
Decompose dead or decaying matter
Parasites
Live off living organisms and absorb nutrition from hosts.
E. coli

11. Aerobic and anaerobic Aerobic – bacteria that need oxygen to live
Anaerobic – bacteria that do not need oxygen to live

12. Archaebacteria Found in extreme conditions Salty - halophites
Boiling hot- thermophites
acidic
Methane producers
Muddy swamps
Intestines of cattle Us

13. Pneumonia bacteria

14. Bacteria subgroups Eubacteria - cyanobacteria – blue green bacteria
Make own food
O2 waste
Red, black, or yellow
Importance;
Make Oxygen for organisms that live in water
Used as food source

15. Cyanobacteria Eubacteria Autotrophs Cyano – blue/green bacteria
- yellow, red and black
Single celled
Colonies – chains or filaments
Reproduce – fission
Used as food by fish

16. Disadvantages: Bloom – mat of bubbly green slime on water
Resources used up and bacterial die
Consumer bacteria feed on it and use up oxygen. Organisms that live in water die

17. What kinds of bacteria are shown below?

19. Lab page 192 textbook Page 191 Numbers; 1,2,3,5,6 On loose leaf to
be handed in
Gloeocapsa
Anabaena
Nostoc
Oscillatoria

20. Bacteria in Your Life Section 8-2
Beneficial bacteria
Saprophyte – organism that uses dead material as food and energy
Digest dead organisms
Recycle nutrients
Used to make cheese, sauerkraut, vinegar,medications

21. Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Beneficial bacteria
Nodules – found on plants that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria
- legumes
Ex. Peanuts, peas, soybeans
Take nitrogen from air for plants to use
In return plant gives bacteria sugar.
Helps fertilize soil
Helps other organisms to produce protein
Mutualism – organisms help each other to live

22. Harmful bacteria Pathogen – any organism that produces disease
Ex: anthrax in cattle
Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough
Antibiotic – substance produced by one organism that inhibits or kills another organism
Ex. Penicillin, prevents bacteria from making cell walls. W/o cannot survive

23. Vaccine
Made from damaged particles from bacteria’s cell walls, or killed or weakened bacteria cells.
When injected the white blood cells recognize that bacteria and attack it.

24. Toxins Produced by pathogens Poisons Ex. Botulism – food poisoning
- can cause paralysis and death
Clostridium botulumum

25. Endospores – thick walled structure around bacteria to protect them from heat or dryness
- can exist for years until right conditions for growth
- some anaerobic and grow in cans

26. How endospores are formed
1. Copy of chromosome
2. Cell membrane pinches off copy
3. Mother cell swallows daughter cell. Now, two membranes layers surround daughter cell
4. Thick wall/spore coat is made
5. Tough outer coating made
6. Mother cell withers away.
7. Spore made.

27. Pasteurization
Process of heating food to a temperature that kills harmful bacteria

28. Complete in Notebook Page 191 A. Draw and label this bacterial cell.
Self Check 1,2,3,4,5
Applying Math
Page 205
29 and 30
A. Draw and label this bacterial cell. 3 2 1 4 5 6 B
What shape bacteria? 7