1. Where Robots and Virtual Agents Meet Where Robots and Virtual Agents Meet A Survey of Social Interaction Research across Milgram’s Reality-Virtuality Continuum Thomas Holz · Mauro Dragone · G.M.P. O’Hare Reported by : Maria Asumpta Marasigan 2006-20865

2. ROBOT A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance Robots can be similar in form to a human, but industrial robots do not resemble people at all Robots can be similar in form to a human, but industrial robots do not resemble people at all

3. ROBOT (cont..) Huey, Dewey, and Louie ASIMO

4. VIRTUAL AGENTS autonomous, graphically embodied agents in a virtual environment that are able to interact intelligently with human users, other IVAs, and their environment virtual agents act in a dynamic, unpredictable, interactive world

5. VIRTUAL AGENTS (cont..) ADELESTEVE

6. SOCIAL INTERACTION with Robotic and Virtual Agents Robots must exhibit social interaction skills Humanlike virtual characters (virtual humans) are being used with success as virtual representatives of human users in virtual conference applications Human treats virtual characters as social partners

7. DIFFERENCE between Physical and Virtual Agents ROBOTS Physical presence and their ability to interact to the physical world and the human Physical nature evokes a higher sense of presence in the user making them more trustworthy and engaging VIRTUAL AGENTS Constrained in their interaction capabilities with the physical world Require the user to initiate the action and approach the agent visible only from a limited angle and cannot effectively point (or gaze) in the 3D physical surrounding

8. DIFFERENCE between Physical and Virtual Agents (cont..) ROBOTS Free to move within physical environment Expressional capabilities still remain restricted VIRTUAL AGENTS Capable of actions that are simply impossible in the real world, such as mutating their form Exhibit a high degree of anthropomorphism

9. Mori’s Uncanny Valley

10. AGENTS embodied in UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENT Ubiquitous Robotic Companion - guards its owner’s home, cleans their rooms and reads to their kids

11. AGENTS embodied in UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENT (cont..) NEC’s robot PaPeRo (Partner-Type Personal Robot) – communicate not only with other PaPeRos, but also with PCs, PDAs, and with other electrical appliances in the home - can check the user’s e-mail or tune the TV onto the user’s favorite channel

12. AGENTS embodied in UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENT (cont..) ICat - ICat - a research prototype of an emotionally intelligent robot that provides an easy to use and enjoyable interaction style for ubiquitous environments

13. AGENTS in MIXED REALITY ENVIRONMENTS U-Tsu-Shi-O-Mi Virtual Humanoid – maps a humanoid avatar onto a robot’s anatomically correct, green-cloth surface

14. AGENTS in MIXED REALITY ENVIRONMENTS (cont..) MiRA (Mixed Reality Agents) system is the first example to combine a MR character with a physical robot platform to provide an expressive social interface.