1. 2007 Paul VanRaden, Melvin Tooker*, George Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Melvin.Tooker@ars.usda.gov 2009 Can you believe those genomic evaluations for young bulls?

2. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (2)Melvin Tooker 2009 Proven Bulls or Young Bulls?

3. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (3)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genotyped Animals (n=6,005) In North America as of April 2008

4. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (4)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genotyped Animals (n=19,464) In North America as of December 2008

5. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (5)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genotyped Animals (n=25,393) In North America as of April 2009

6. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (6)Melvin Tooker 2009 Adoption of Genomic Testing US young bulls with NAAB codes, Apr 2009 Birth Year Bulls Sampled Bulls Tested Genomic Tested % 2008*64961595 2007*1548117276 20061726111865 20051677121773 2004165599160 * 2007-2008 counts are incomplete

7. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (7)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic Tested Bulls Available Apr 2009 Age (yrs)ReliabilityNet Merit Freddie474905 Twist168874 Cassino169871 Al169866 ManOMan583779

8. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (8)Melvin Tooker 2009 Young vs. Old Bull Test  Genomic PTAs computed from Nov 2004 data Select top 20 young and old bulls for genomic or traditional NM$  Predict Jan 2009 daughter merit Remove direct contribution of PA (similar to DYD) Compare regressions and bias (adjusting for 2005 base change)

9. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (9)Melvin Tooker 2009 Net Merit of Top 20 Bulls from 2009 data based on selection in 2004 BullsSelectionNet Merit young Parent average $395 Genomic$516 proven Traditional$381 Genomic$463

10. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (10)Melvin Tooker 2009 Changes in Net Merit means for top 20 bulls (2009 – 2004) BullsSelectionChange young Parent average -$278 Genomic-$130 proven Traditional-$96 Genomic-$30

11. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (11)Melvin Tooker 2009 Net Merit regressions Predict 2009 from 2004 data, expected = 1.00 BullsSelectionRegression young Parent average 0.63 Genomic0.74 proven Traditional0.91 Genomic1.10

12. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (12)Melvin Tooker 2009 Average regressions across all traits Predict 2009 from 2004 data, expected = 1.00 BullsSelectionRegression young Parent average 0.85 Genomic0.92 proven Traditional1.03 Genomic1.05

13. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (13)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic vs. Traditional  Examine traditional and genomic trends for two traits: Net Merit Protein  Data from February 2009

14. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (14)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic vs. traditional – protein PTA

15. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (15)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic vs. traditional – net merit

16. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (16)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic vs. trad. – protein reliability

17. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (17)Melvin Tooker 2009 Genomic vs. trad. – net merit reliability

18. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (18)Melvin Tooker 2009 Reliability frequency

19. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (19)Melvin Tooker 2009 Conclusions  Almost all new bulls and majority of in-waiting bulls are genotyped  Genomic PTAs have Less bias than parent averages Regressions closer to 1.0 Higher correlations with later data  Higher Net Merit for top 20 young bulls than proven bulls from 2004

20. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (20)Melvin Tooker 2009 Acknowledgments  Genotyping and DNA extraction: USDA Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, U. Missouri, U. Alberta, GeneSeek, Genetics & IVF Institute, Genetic Visions, and Illumina  Computing: AIPL staff (Leigh Walton, Jay Megonigal)  Funding: National Research Initiative grants – 2006-35205-16888, 2006-35205-16701 Agriculture Research Service Holstein, Jersey and Brown Swiss breed associations Contributors to Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository (CDDR)

21. Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding, April 2009 (21)Melvin Tooker 2009 CDDR Contributors  National Association of Animal Breeders (NAAB, Columbia, MO) ABS Global (DeForest, WI) Accelerated Genetics (Baraboo, WI) Alta (Balzac, AB, Canada) Genex (Shawano, WI) New Generation Genetics (Fort Atkinson, WI) Select Sires (Plain City, OH) Semex Alliance (Guelph, ON, Canada) Taurus-Service (Mehoopany, PA)