1. The Impact of a Multilevel Intervention on Work-Family Conflict in a Randomized Controlled Trial Presenter: Alyssa Westring, PhD with: Joint Principal Investigators: Jeane Ann Grisso MD MSc & Stephanie Abbuhl MD Emily Conant MD, Mary Sammel ScD, Rebecca Speck PhD MPH, Patricia Scott, Lucy Tuton PhD 1

2. Background “Beyond Bias & Barriers” report noted importance of “ unrecognized features of the organizational culture that affect men & women differently ” Led to 2008 NIH RFA “Research on causal factors and interventions that affect the careers of women in science” 2

3. Our Goal: To create an environment where women can succeed fully in their careers, maximizing their contributions to academic medicine and improving workplace for all faculty Overview 3

4. Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Culture conducive to Women’s Academic Success Women Faculty Proximal Outcomes Women Faculty Distal Outcomes Department/ Division Outcomes 3-Tiered Intervention -Job satisfaction -Job commitment -Work self- efficacy - Work-family conflict Senior Leadership Department/ Division Task Forces Women Assistant Professors Theoretical Model - Implement Task Force recs - Culture change - Publications - Grants - Intention to leave 4

5. Research Design Baseline Survey Cluster Randomization Intervention Follow-up Survey N = 133 N = 130 5

6. Key Research Questions 1.What is the impact of the intervention on work-family conflict? 2.How does department/division culture affect these relationships? 6

7. Research Question 1 Work-Family Conflict Time-based and Strain-based WIF and FIW Carlson, Kacmar, & Williams (2000) Good reliability at baseline and follow-up 7

8. Research Question 1 % decrease over time p-value TWIF SWIF TFIW SFIW 2.4% 6.8% 3.0% 1.2% 0.168 0.006 0.256 0.559 *controlling for baseline conflict levels Changes in Conflict over Time 8

9. Research Question 1 Conflict changeIntervention vs control difference (d) p-value TWIF SWIF TFIW SFIW - 0.054 0.024 0.058 - 0.138 0.704 0.879 0.690 0.129 *controlling for baseline conflict levels 9

10. Research Question 2: Does culture matter? Culture Conducive to Women’s Academic Success (CCWAS) 10

11. Research Question 2: Culture Matters at Baseline TWIF 11

12. Research Question 2: Culture Matters at Baseline SWIF 12

13. Research Question 2 Understanding changes in WFC as a result of unit culture Analyses collapsed across intervention/control groups Model for culture validated at Time 2 13

14. Research Question 2 Culture Scores over Time Across conditions, culture improved significantly over time t = 2.61, p =.007 No significant differences between intervention and control conditions t =.55, p >.05 14

15. Research Question 2: CoefficientP-value Baseline Unit CCWAS-.44.059 CCWAS Change-.40.051 Baseline TWIF-.41.001 Constant2.69.003 Predicting changes in TWIF *adjusting for baseline levels of TWIF and clustering within units by culture 15

16. Research Question 2: CoefficientP-value Baseline Unit CCWAS-.18.232 CCWAS Change-.45.037 Baseline SWIF-.44.001 Constant1.85.001 Predicting changes in SWIF *adjusting for baseline levels of SWIF and clustering within units by culture 16

17. Research Question 2: CoefficientP-value Baseline Unit CCWAS-.53.001 CCWAS Change-.35.083 Baseline TFIW-.41.001 Constant2.85.001 Predicting changes in TFIW *adjusting for baseline levels of TFIW and clustering within units by culture 17

18. Research Question 2: CoefficientP-value Baseline Unit CCWAS-.19.185 CCWAS Change-.08.734 Baseline SFIW-.45.001 Constant1.53.001 Predicting changes in SFIW *adjusting for baseline levels of SFIW and clustering within units by culture 18

19. Conclusions Strain-based work-interference- with-family decreased for intervention and control units. Culture matters for work-family conflict over time More supportive cultures at baseline are associated with lower conflict over time Greater improvements in culture are associated with lower conflict over time 19

20. Limitations Interventions were not directly targeted to address work-family issues Post-intervention outcomes are measured only 2 months after 3-year intervention Variable levels of engagement at individual & department levels Contamination & Co-intervention 20

21. Discussion What have we learned so far? Where do we go next? We appreciate your insights and suggestions! 21