1. 12/8/20151 PEARSON SQUARE Balancing a Ration Unit 5: Feeds, Nutrition and Digestion Lesson 13: Balancing a Feed Ration

2. Daily Food for Thought How do we decide what goes into a healthy meal?

3. Animal nutrition as important as human nutrition Focus on: Feed efficiency Rate of gain Days to market weight Days to Reproducing Days to Milking Animal Nutrition

4. 12/8/20154 Pearson Square Useful tool for simplifying and balancing of rations It shows the proportions or percentages of two feeds to be mixed together to give a percentage of the needed nutrient

5. 12/8/20155 Pearson Square 2000# of feed is needed to feed a 100# growing hog. A feeding standards table shows that an 18% crude protein ration is needed. Corn and Soybean Meal (SBM) are selected as feeds.

6. 12/8/20156 Pearson Square A feed composition table shows Corn has 8.9% crude protein SBM has 44.4% crude protein

7. 12/8/20157 Pearson Square How much corn and soybean meal need to be mixed together for 2000# of feed?

8. 12/8/20158 Pearson Square Step 1 -Draw a 1- to 2-inch square. Place diagonal lines across the square.

9. 12/8/20159 Pearson Square Step 2 – Write the percentage of crude protein needed by the animal in the center of the square where the diagonal lines cross 18.0

10. 12/8/201510 Pearson Square Step 3 –Write the feeds to be used at each corner. Place the percent of crude protein in the feeds after the name of the feed Corn 8.9% SBM 44.4% 18.0

11. 12/8/201511 Pearson Square Step 4 – Subtract the smaller of the numbers from the larger numbers. (This involves crude protein needed by the animal and that provided by the feed.) Write the difference in the opposite corners Corn 26.4 parts 8.9 % corn SBM 9.1 parts 44.4% SBM 18.0

12. 12/8/201512 Pearson Square Step 5 – The numbers at the two right corners are parts of the two feed ingredients that are needed. 26.4 parts corn +9.1 parts soybean meal (SBM) 35.5 total parts

13. 12/8/201513 Pearson Square Corn 26.4 parts corn 8.9% 35.5 total parts SBM 9.1 parts SBM 44.4% 35.5 total parts 18.0

14. 12/8/201514 Pearson Square Step 6 – The percentage of each feed needed in the ration can be found by dividing the number of parts by the total parts, then multiply by 100. 26.4/ 35.5 =.744 x 100 = 74.4% corn 9.1/ 35.5 =.256 x 100 = 25.6% sbm

15. 12/8/201515 Pearson Square Corn 26.4 parts corn 8.9% 35.5 total parts 74.4% SBM 9.1 parts SBM 44.4% 35.5 total parts 25.6% 18.0

16. 12/8/201516 Pearson Square Step 7 – The amount of each feed ingredient for a large batch of feed is determined by multiplying the percentage of each by the total amount of feed desired

17. 12/8/201517 Pearson Square Our batch of feed = 2000 # ( 1 ton) 2000# x.744 = 1488 # Corn 2000# x.256 = 512 # SBM 2000# of feed @ 18% Crude Protein

18. Problems You have to formulate a feed for lactating does. They need 15% protein. How much corn and how much soybean meal is needed for 1,000 lbs.? You need to formulate a feed for feeder pigs. They need 21% protein. How much corn and how much soybean meal is needed for 1,000 lbs.? 12/8/201518