1. Stress and Health

2. What is Stress? Psychological states cause physical illness. Stress is any circumstance (real or perceived) that threatens a person’s well-being When we feel severe stress, our ability to cope with it is impaired

3. Stressors A stressor is a thing that causes a person to experience stress.  Stress is not a stimulus or a response.  process by which we appraise and cope with threats and challenges  When short-lived or taken challenge: may have positive effects.  threatening or prolonged: can be harmful

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5. Stress Response System Our initial stress response is a fight-or- flight  Epinephrine and norepinephrine from the inner adrenal glands  Increasing heart and respiration rates  Sugar and fat mobilized  Natural pain killers released

6. Hans Selye’s General Adaption Syndrome The stresses individual goes through three phases

8. Stress and the Heart Stress that leads to elevated blood pressure may result in coronary heart disease  a clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

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10. Personality Types Type A is a term used for competitive, hard- driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.  More likely to develop heart disease Type B refers to easygoing, relaxed people

11. Modifying a Type-A lifestyle may reduce the recurrence of heart attacks Pessimistic adult men are twice as likely to develop heart disease over a 10-year period A and B Continued

12. Stress & Disease psychophysiological illness is any stress- related physical illness such as hypertension and some headaches Psychoneuroimmunolog y (PNI) studies the health effects of psychological, neural, and endocrine processes on the immune system

13. Psychoneuroimmunology B lymphocytes fight bacterial infections T lymphocytes attack cancer cells and viruses microphages ingest foreign substances. During stress, energy is removed from the immune system  High levels of stress=colds more likely

14. Behavioral Medicine Interdisciplinary field developed by psychologists and physicians  Integrates behavioral knowledge with medical knowledge

15. Exercise Many studies suggest that aerobic exercise can elevate mood and well- being  Raises energy, increases self-confidence  Lowers tension, depression, and anxiety

16. R-E-L-A-X Relaxation and meditation have similar effects in reducing tension and anxiety

17. Faith Regular religious attendance has been a reliable predictor of a longer life span with a reduced risk of dying

18. Intervening Factors Investigators suggest there are three factors that connect religious involvement and better health.