1. Human Blood Typing Lab Objective: 1. Apply blood typing method to determine the blood type for a sample of synthetic human blood 2. Describe the appearance of agglutinated blood. 3. Explain how to determine a human blood type. 4. Using data, determine the blood type for each person.

2. blood type = blood group - Any of several immunologically distinct, genetically determined classes of human blood which are based on the presence or absence of certain erythrocyte surface antigens (glycoproteins) and are clinically identified by characteristic agglutination reactions; for blood transfusion purposes, the ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important. agglutinogen - An erythrocyte (RBC) surface antigen (immunologically distinct, genetically determined glycoproteins) which may stimulate the production of a particular specific agglutinin (antibody) in individuals lacking that particular agglutinogen (antigen); e.g., the antigens involved in the ABO and Rh blood group systems. agglutinin - A molecule, such as an antibody, which is capable of causing agglutination (clumping) of a particular antigen, especially red blood cells or bacteria. agglutination - The clumping together of red blood cells, or bacteria, or other particulate/cellular antigens, usually in response to a specific antibody. Human Blood Typing Vocabulary

3. Blood contains antibodies in the liquid component, plasma. The antibodies serve a protective function. Why does Type AB blood have no antibodies. Human ABO Blood Typing Explanation

4. Notice that the antibodies (Y-shaped structures) attach to the red blood cells and then cause them to stick together. If this is Type A, then the Y-shaped structures are Anti-A serum (antibody A). “The Basis of Blood Typing”

6. SampleAnti-AAnti-BAnti-RhBlood Type Mr. Smith YesNoYesA + Mr. Jones NoYesNoB- Mr. Green Yes AB+ Ms. Brown No O- Results of Blood Typing Test After the Addition of Anti-serum (antibody) Yes = agglutination No = no agglutination

7. What do the results say? 1. Which sample(s) lacked the Rh antigen? 2. Which sample(s) lacks both A and B antigens? 3. Which sample(s) contains only B antibodies? 4. Which sample(s) contain no antibodies? 5. What type of blood Mr. Brown’s blood? 6. Who is the universal donor? 7. Could Mr. Jones give to Mr. Green?

8. Safe Blood Donation The antigens on the donor’s red blood cell must not react with the antibodies in the receiver’s plasma.

9. Apply Your Knowledge….. Use your understanding about blood typing to explain what is occurring in the figure to the left, where it is occurring and why it is occurring. Begin by identifying all the labeled structures… 1. epitope 2. IgM 3. Bacterium

10. Why is this baby in danger? Why is this baby in danger? Ertyhroblastosis Fetalis Ertyhroblastosis Fetalis