1. Large Area Fast Silicon Tracking Systems for MPD and CBM setups of NICA and FAIR megaprojects Yu.A.Murin LHEP JINR 1 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

2. High and intermediate energy HI physics targets BM_N@JINR RHIC@BNL MPD@NICA- JINR CBM@FAIR ALICE@CERN NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 Confined matter Spinodial decay ? Deconfined matter Chiral symmetry restoration Magnetic fields up to 10 18 G Strange matter continent a new era for hypernuclear physics Deconfined matter 2

3.  “Heating” (E>100A GeV) : through high energy density - NA61@CERN, STAR, PHENIX since 2000-2013 at RHIC, BNL; ALICE, CMS, ATLAS at LHC,CERN – no definite answer, large background Three ways to create QGP in HI collissions  “Pressing” (E≈30÷50AGeV) : through high baryonic density– STAR low energy scan, CBM and NICA projects to follow as NICA and FAIR start operating in 2017-2018 - rare probes are believed to be very sensitive close to the triple point  “Smart” (E≈3÷5AGeV) : through self-amplified long-range correlations within spinodial phase decomposition (J.Randrup, LBL) – to be proved with HI beams of Nuclotron-M as soon as high intensity HI beam appears at LHEP - direct production of subthreshold heavy hyperons ?!!! 3 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

4. Two major objectives to study heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies Deconfinement through SD New Hypernuclear Physics SIS-300 and NICA task SIS-100 (FAIR) and Nuclotron-M (NICA) tasks Superdense nuclear matter 4 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

5. UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR 100 m Primary Beams 10 12 /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U 28+ 10 10 /s 238 U 73+ up to 35 GeV/u 3x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons Storage and Cooler Rings radioactive beams 10 11 antiprotons 1.5 - 15 GeV/c, stored and cooled Secondary Beams range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 higher in intensity than presently antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV Technical Challenges cooled beams rapid cycling superconducting magnets dynamical vacuum SIS100: Au 11 A GeV SIS300: Au 35 A GeV APPA The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR 5 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

6. Collider BM@N SPD MPD Booster, Nuclotron The NICA-MPD challenge :  to prove QGP creation in high net baryon density region with ITS The BM@N challenge :  to prove QGP creation through self-amplified long-range spinodial correlations with STS 6 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

7. FFD MPD detector at NICA Magnet : 0.5 T T0, Trigger : FFD Centrality & Event plane : ZDC PID: TOF, TPC, ECAL Tracking (|  |<2): TPC 0.5<p<1 GeV/c Stage 1 (2017) TPC, Barrel TOF & ECAL, ZDC, FFD Stage 2: IT + Endcaps(tracker,TOF,ECAL) 7 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

8. 8 Beam Energy Intensity per cycle p 4,5 GeV 2  10 10 d 2,2 GeV 5  10 11 12 C 6+ 300 MeV 7  10 10 24 Mg 12+ 300 MeV 5  10 10 40 Ar 18+ 300 MeV 6  10 10 58 Ni 26+ 300 MeV 8  10 9 84 Kr 34+ 0,3 -1 GeV 2  10 10 124 Xe 48/42+ 0,3 -1 GeV 1  10 10 181 Ta 61+ 1 GeV 2  10 9 197 Au 65/79+ 3  10 9 238 U 28+/73+ 0,05-1 GeV 6  10 9 /2  10 10 Bea m Nuclotron beam intensity (particle per cycle) Current Ion source type New ion source + booster p 3  10 10 Duoplas motron 5  10 12 d 3  10 10 ---,, --- 5  10 12 4 He 8  10 8 ---,, --- 1  10 12 dd 2  10 8 SPI 1  10 10 7 Li 8  10 8 Laser 5  10 11 12 C 1  10 9 ---,, --- 2  10 11 24 Mg 2  10 7 ---,, --- 14 N 1  10 7 ESIS (“Krion- 6T”) 5  10 10 84 Kr 1  10 4 ---,, --- 1  10 9 124 Xe 1  10 4 ---,, --- 1  10 9 197 Au- ---,, --- 1  10 9 HI beams of SIS18 (GSI) and Nuclotron (JINR) Energy & Intensities, pcs per cycle NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 8

9. The CBM experiment at FAIR Dipole Magnet Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector Silicon Tracking System Micro Vertex Detector Transition Radiation Detectors Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro- magnetic Calorimeter Projectile Spectator Detector (Calorimeter) Target two configurations: - electron-hadron - and muon setup Muon Detection System NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 9

10. Dipole magnet tracking chambers 6 m Concept for the BM @N experiment at Nuclotron -M (original idea and figure of P.Senger, GSI ) Silicon tracker Time-of-flight wall (RPC) Tracking chambers are needed to match tracks in Silicon detector to hits in TOF wall Silicon tracker in magnetic dipole field measures tracks (multiplicity) and curvature (particle momentum). TOF wall measures Time-of-flight for mass determination. 10 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

11. The BM@N experiment project measurements of the multistrange objects (Ξ, Ω, exotics) & hypernuclei in HI collisions close to the threshold production in the region of high sensitivity to the models prediction GIBS magnet (SP-41) TS-target station, T0- start diamond detector, STS - silicon tracker, ST- straw tracker, DC- drift chambers, RPC- resistive plate chambers, ZDC- zero degree calorimeter, DTE – detector of tr. energy. NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 11

12. STS design constraints Coverage: ―rapitidies from center-of mass to close to beam ― aperture 2.5° <  < 25° (less for BM_N) Momentum resolution ― δp/p  1% ― field integral 1 Tm, 8 tracking stations ― 25 µm single-hit spatial resolution ― material budget per station ~1% X 0 No event pile-up ― 10 MHz interaction rates ― self-triggering read-out ― signal shaping time < 20 ns Efficient hit & track reconstruction  close to 100% hit eff.  > 95% track eff. for momenta >1 GeV/c Minimum granularity @ hit rates < 20 MHz/cm 2 ― maximum strip length compatible with hit occupancy and S/N performance ― largest read-out pitch compatible with the required spatial resolution Radiation hard sensors compatible with the CBM physics program ―1 × 10 13 n eq /cm 2 (SIS100) ―1 × 10 14 n eq /cm 2 (SIS300) Integration, operation, maintenance ―compatible with the confined space in the dipole magnet NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 12

13. Aperture: 2.5° <  < 25° (some stations up to 38°). 8 tracking stations between 0.3 m and 1 m downstream the target. Built from double-sided silicon microstrip sensors in 3 sizes, arranged in modules on a small number of different detector ladders. Readout electronics outside of the physics aperture. STS concept NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 13

14. Assessment of tracking stations – material budget station 4 sensor: 0.3% X 0 r/o cables: 2×0.11% X 0 electronics front view side view NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 14

15. Assessment of tracking stations – sensor occupancy sensor occupancy := ratio “ nb. of hit strips : nb. of all strips“ in a sensor station 1 Y/cm NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 15

16. Assessment of tracking stations – hit cluster size in station 4 mean: 2.7 distribution for full STS cluster of strips := number of adjacent strips in a sensor that fire simultaneously NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 16

17. Track reconstruction performance studies momentum resolution  Ongoing layout improvements: aperture improvements to be done in some of the stations: better coverage around beam pipe optimize number and type of modules and their deployment in the stations primary secondary track reconstruction efficiency 25 AGeV Au+Au central NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 17

18. Au+Au, 8 AGeV Physics performance studies – example hyperons Au+Au, 25 AGeV c  several cm, decays just before/ within STS 18 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

19. Hyperon and hypernuclei with STS with CBM-like STS at Nuclotron existing SP-42 magnet  H 3  - total efficiency 8% 2 % central Au+Au collisions at 4 AGeV:  Silicon tracker: 8 stations microstrips (400 µm each)  Strips with 50 µm pitch and 7,5 o stereo angle  full event reconstruction 19 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

20. NICA MPD-ITS Th Computer model simulations by V.P.Kondratiev and N.Prokofiev, SPbSU MPD ITS status front view 20 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

21. The need for modern fast and high precision instrumentation based on microstrip sensors Supermodule („the ladder“)= Sensitive modules on light weighed CF support frames with FEE in cooled containers at the rare ends CBM/BM@N NICA MPD The Ladder NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

22. The CBM-MPD STS Consortium Since Nov 2008 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 21

23. CBM-MPD STS Consortium GSI, Darmstadt, Germany JINR, Dubna, Russia IHEP, Protvino, Russia MSU, Moscow, Russia KRI, St.Petersburg, Russia SPbSU, St.Petersburg SE SRTIIE, Kharkov, Ukraine NCPHEP, Minck,Belarus Rep. PI AS, Prague,Czech Rep 8 institutes 5 countries Components Sensors Modules assembly Ladder assembly Radiation tests In-beam tests CBM in Darmstadt MPD and BM@N in Dubna NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 22

24. The CBM-MPD STS Consortium: change in sensor production policy – mixed DSSD SSSD structure of STS (based on experience gotton!) DSSD: German Party responsibility – CiS, Erfurt (62х62) + Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), double metalization on P-side SSSD-sandwich: the Consortium responsibility Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), On-SemiConductor, Czech Rep. (62х62) + auxiliary chipcable (SE RTIIE) +RIMST,RF Sensor development – involvement of Hamamatsu, an attempt to repeat at vendors in Russia, Belarussia, and Czech Republics Usage of SINP MSU Si lab expertize ( Merkin M.M. et al) 23 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

25. Microstrip sensors double-sided, p-n-n structure width: 6.2 cm 1024 strips at 58  m pitch three types, strip lengths: 2, 4, 6 cm, 4 cm stereo angle front-back-sides 7.5° integrated AC-coupled read-out double metal interconnects on p-side, or replacement with an external micro cable operation voltage up to few hundred volts radiation hardness up to 1 × 10 14 n eq /cm 2 4” and 6” wafers, 300 µm thick test and full-size sensors NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 23

26. PrototypeYearVendorProcessingSize [cm 2 ]Description CBM012007CiSdouble-sided 5.5  5.5 ±7.5 deg CBM032010CiSdouble-sided 6.2  6.2 ±7.5 deg CBM03’2011CiSSingle/CBM03 6.2  6.2 test for CBM05 CBM052013CiSdouble-sided 6.2  6.2 7.5/0 deg full-size CBM05H42013Hamamatsu for GSI double-sided 6.2  4.2 7.5/0 deg full-size CBM05H22013Hamamatsu for JINR single-sided 6.2  2.2 7.5/0 deg full-size Prototype microstrip sensors external on-sensor cable CBM05 CBM05H4CBM05H2 under study: replacement for integrated 2 nd metal layer NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 24

27. UMC 180 nm CMOS die size 6.5 mm × 10 mm design V1.0 @ AGH Kraków produced 2012 full-size prototype dedicated to signal detection from the double- sided microstrip sensors in the CBM environment Channels, pitch128 + 2 test Channel pitch58 Input signal polarity+ and - Input current10 nA Noise at 30 pF load900 e - ADC range16 fC, 5 bit Clock250 MHz Power dissipation< 10 mW/channel Timestamp resolution< 10 ns output interface4 × 500 Mbit/s LVDS new w.r.t. n-XYTER architecture: effective two-level discriminator scheme fast  low noise  low power dissipation Readout chip STS-XYTER NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 27

28. STS module sensor read-out cables front-end electronics board 6 cm 10 – 50 cm 2, 4, 6, (12) cm module is building block of ladders smallest assembled functional unit 28 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

29. Mechanics hardware:Punch@Mould Produced in SPb with a dozen CF space frames manufactured @ CERN Punch and Mold for production of true CBM supporting frames 29 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

30. Demonstrators and prototypes 30 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

31. Prototype Device for ladder assembling manufactured at PLANAR, Minsk, Rep. of Belarus, 2012 31 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

32. designfabricationmontagecomissioning CF&S Accelerator complex 51 months SC factory Collider Injector + channels Booster + channels Cryogenics Critical point Tunnel + channels Funding in accordance with the project plan is mandatory Nearest milestones: - Completion of the ion sources commissioning (2013) - Assembly and commissioning of HILac (mid of 2014) - Serial production of the Booster magnets (beginning of 2014) Start of the Booster commissioning for the BM@N experiment – end of 2015 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 32

33. NICA STS project schedule NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 33

34. Equipment of JINR test bench with n- XYTER readout Mechanics preparation Slow Control for Protvino in-beam Logic Init for recording the external DAQ information into the ROC Status: Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 33

35.  Through years 2008-2013 the CBM-MPD STS Consortium demonstrated self-sustained growth of R& D activity which could be successfully accomplished within 1,5 -2 years The Conclusions  In 2013 common GSI-JINR project started with resources (@around 3 M EUR) released to develop corresponding infrastructure for massive production of modules and, especially, supermodules at LHEP JINR by mid-2015 for the BM@N and CBM STS projects, firstly, and NICA-MPD ITS, afterwards  Young generation recruitment and training is the basic problem for the project. Measures are to be discussed for more involvement of young researchers with their local supervisers from Czech Universities to the STS project. Thank you for your attention! NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 34

36. NICA project timetable 24

38. The German forced change in tentative WP of the Consortium : TDR Jun 2013 – Comissioning Oct 2017   Yu.A.Murin, Kuokola, 25 June, 2013