1. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People The promise and potential of African agriculture to fight hunger and poverty Prof. Dr Ir Rudy Rabbinge Chair Science Council CGIAR G.5. Plenary Keynote Addresses October 19 th 2007, Beijing

2. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Food availability per caput Source: FAOstat Asia S America SS Africa Index Year

3. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Achievements in Agriculture Food production per person increased by 30% over past 5 decades, despite doubling of population Discontinuous productivity rise Major role for technology Fertilizers Variety improvement (rice, wheat, maize) Mechanization Irrigation Biocides Proper institutions in place

4. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H SS Africa lags behind GDP:$ 474 Growth 1988-2000: –0.6% Increase labor productivity (1960-2000) World160% Sub Saharan Africa121% Europe (15)634% Population:600 M Birth rate:2.7% Malnourished:180 M

5. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Diagnosis 1. Absence of dominating food crops 2. Weathered soils 3. Erratic rainfall 4. Endemic plant and animal diseases 5. Multitude of farming systems

6. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Diagnosis (cont.) 6. Land / Labor productivity low 7. Dominant role for women – limited access to resources 8. Lack of investment in agricultural research 9. Lack of knowledge infrastructure 10. Brain drain

7. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Diagnosis (cont.) 11. Lack of functioning academic institutions 12. Not functioning local and regional markets 13. Land entitlement inappropriate 14. No stimulating political and economic environment 15. Inadequate capacity to impact global policy formulation 16. Lack of good governance

8. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Hunger Hotspots & Farming Systems Irrigated system Maize mixed system Tree crop based system Cereal root crop mixed system Hunger Hotspot (CIESIN)

9. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Strategic recommendations – four domains 1. Technology options that can make a difference (11) Pursue a strategy of integrated sustainable intensification Reduce land degradation and replenish soil fertility

10. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Recognizing the potential of rain-fed agriculture

11. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Mechanization Labor productivity increase from 1960-2000 (%) World160 SubSaharan Africa121 East&Souteast203 South Asia165 Latin Amer.& Car.246 North America360 Europe (15)634 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 19601970198019902000 Year Actual maize yield (t ha ) Africa South of Sahara East & South East Asia South Asia Latin Amer & Caribbean North America Developed European Union 15 Land productivity

12. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Strategic recommendations – four domains 1. Technology options that can make a difference (11) Pursue a strategy of integrated sustainable intensification Reduce land degradation and replenish soil fertility 2. Building impact-oriented research, knowledge and development institutions (5) 3. Creating and retaining a new generation of agricultural scientists (5) 4. Markets and policies to make the poor prosperous and food secure (5)

13. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Conclusion Ample opportunities for S&T to increase food security, to alleviate hunger and to strengthen development The African situation requires specific instead of generic S&T solutions Not one green revolution, but multitude of rainbow evolutions Full power S&T unlocked only when scientific development is accompanied by adequate enabling conditions (including the international community)

14. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Dissemination African organizations (Nepad, AU, FARA, SROs, NARIs) Multilateral organizations (UN, FAO, UNEP) Scientific organizations (IAC, national academies, ARIs) Donor organizations (DGIS, DFID) Creation of AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa)

15. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Coordination with other panels Millennium Development Goals MDG has eclipsed the IAC in most recommendation areas The global report of the Science Council of the CGIAR Proposed programs of the two taskforces in line with the recommendations of the IAC report Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program Pilot Learning Sites The World Bank coordinated IAASTD The IAC-report was presented and well received Objectives correspond directly to IAC-report The World Development Report Strengthens the role of research and technology

16. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Technology options that can make a difference Challenge Program Irrigated system Maize mixed system Tree crop based system Cereal root crop mixed system Hunger Hotspot (CIESIN) Pilot Learning Sites (CP SSA)

17. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Technology options that can make a difference Challenge Program Program for Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA) SROs competitive grants Multi-country Agricultural Productivity Program (MAPP) Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP)

18. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Building impact-oriented research, knowledge and development institutions African Centers of Agricultural Research Excellence (ACAREs): Biosciences East and Central Africa (BECA) Network of African Science Academies (NASAC)

19. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Creating and retaining a new generation of agricultural scientists Building African Scientific and Institutional Capacity Building (BASIC) Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) Global Open University Economics of Agriculture and Natural Resources Agro-ecology

20. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Markets and policies to make the poor income and food secure Political will Constant emphasis in dissemination NEPAD FAO CGIAR Appropriate instruments Commitment of the world community Adequate financial support

21. C O N S U L T A T I V E G R O U P O N I N T E R N A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R A L R E S E A R C H Thank you