1. PULPITIS Inflammation of dental pulp Main source for dental pain
Causes
Dental caries- the most common cause
Traumatic exposure to pulp
# of crown
Repeated dental procedure

2. Pathogenesis Any causes above Exposure to pulp Invasion by bacteria- Streptococus Inflammation of pulp

3. pathogenesis

7. Acute (rapid, severe onset, short duration)
Types
Acute (rapid, severe onset, short duration)
Open – communication between pulp cavity & oral cavity)
closed
Chronic (slow , long duration, mild pain)
Open
Closed

8. Acute-Closed Micro organism- virulent & large no.
Clinical features
Early stage - Hypersensitivity to hot & cold
Later more persistent
Pain- sharp, severe & stabbing
Sometimes not localized
Tender
Tooth discoloration
Swelling of gum

9. Acute-Open Common Acute exposure with micro organisms
Occurs at late stage of caries
Abscess formed drain out of cavity

10. Clinical features
Hypersensitivity hot & cold in early stage
Less pain
Slight tender

11. Chronic-closed
No communication B/W pulp & oral cavity
Pulp tissue destruction at the site of micro organism entry
Infection remains localized for long time with remaing pulp tissue intact or destruction occurs slowly
Clinical features
Hypersensitivity
Early stage- to hot n cold
Late stage- only to hot but relieved by cold

12. Usually occurs on widely opened cavity
Chronic-open
Usually occurs on widely opened cavity
Pulp is destroyed & replaced by granulation tissue & become epithelialised to form polyp
PAINLESS

13. Pulp may not be healthy to save
Diagnosis
Test of healthy pulp
Tapping of tooth directly
Sensitivity if present indicates the spread of inflammation to surrounding tissue
hot & cold sensitivity
If pain persists even after stimulus removal or
Pain persists spontaneously
Pulp may not be healthy to save

14. Test of pulp- dead or alive Electric pulp tester
It helps to recognize the pulp whether it’s alive or dead but not healthiness
If person feels the electric charge delivered to the tooth the pulp is alive

15. Treatment
If pulp viable just remove irritant n healed itself
Removal of caries n restoration by filling
If pulp dead
RCT
Tooth extraction
antibiotic is given- penicillin in acute cases

17. Root canal treatment
Root canal treatment is the process where the dentist removes the pulp( i.e. pulp extirpation) from an infected tooth and replaces it with dental filling

18. if the rct is not done,the tooth may have to be extracted
Indications for RCT
Dental caries :
an untreated cavityis a common cause of pulp infection.
the reduced blood supply also limits the pulp’s ability to heal itself
Pulpitis
the pulp can become damaged from trauma or facture
Abscess
once the pulp become infected, the infection can spread to the bone around the tooth forming abscess
if the rct is not done,the tooth may have to be extracted
Repeated dental procedures on tooth

19. Procedure
First an opening is made through the occlusal area of posterior teeth and lingual surface of anterior teeth
After the diseased pulp is removed, the pulp chamber & root canal is enlarged & shaped in preparation for being filled
If more than one visit is needed, a temporary filling is placed in the opening of the tooth
The temporary filling is removed and the pulp chamber & root canal permanent restoration is done
In final step, a crown is usually placed over the tooth to restore its natural shiny apperance

20. all RCT procedures are done by isolating the tooth with a rubber dam to provide saliva-free environment.
RCT may be done in single or multiple visits depending on complexity of the tooth
X-rays are taken to determine the length of the root & to monitor the various aspects of treatment

21. Root files are used to clean the unhealthy pulp

22. Filling
Temporary filling material - Zinc oxide or zinc phosphate
Permanent – Gutta Percha