1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Through stomach

3. Overall Digestive Process Ingestion Movement Digestion (mechanical & chemical) Absorption (into blood/lymph vessels) Elimination = Defecation

4. GI Organization Digestive tract = canal Gastrointestinal tract Alimentary canal Accessory Structures – outside of the tract

6. Microstructure - general Mucosa – Mucous membrane – May have villi and microvilli Submucosa – Very vascular Muscularis Serosa = Visceral Peritoneum

8. Peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Peritoneal cavity

10. Folds of Peritoneum Binds organs together, anchors them, suspends vessels Mesentery proper (SI-Dorsal BW) Mesocolon & Mesorectum (LI-Dorsal BW Falciform ligament (Li-Ventral BW) Lesser omentum (Lesser curvature/duodenum-Li) Greater omentum (Greater curvature-Dorsal BS

14. Oral Cavity Labia Labial frenulum Hard palate Soft palate – Uvula

16. Tongue (accessory) Glosso- Lingu- Skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane Lingual frenulum

18. Tongue Papillae Taste Zones – Sweet, Salt – Sour, Bitter Function – Bolus formation

20. Salivary Glands (accessory) Parotid Submandibular Sublingual

23. Saliva 1-1 ½ liters/day 99% water Mucins Amylase Lysozyme – anti-microbial

24. Saliva Secretion Controls Nervous System – Medulla oblongata & Pons ANS Smell, thought, sight, irritation Dehydration, Fear

25. Teeth (accessory) Gingivae Crown Root Neck

29. Tooth Components Periodontal ligament Dentin Pulp cavity & pulp Apical foramen Enamel Cementum

31. Teeth Deciduous – 20 Permanent - 32

33. Teeth - shape Incisor Canine Premolar Molar

35. Dental Terminology Labial Buccal Lingual Palatal Occlusal

36. Digestion in Oral Cavity Ingestion Mastication Chemical digestion Deglutition

37. Pharynx Already did under Respiratory

38. Esophagus Hiatus Sphincters Function – Peristalsis – Heartburn is actually esophageal “burn”

43. Stomach (gastric) Anatomy – Cardia – Fundus – Body – Pylorus and Pyloric Sphincter – Greater Curvature – Lesser Curvature

46. Digestion in Stomach Stores food Chyme Motility, Mixing & Emptying Peristalsis To Pyloric Sphincter, to Duodenum Pacemaker cells make smooth muscle contract about 3x/minute when food present

48. Controls of Stomach Motility 2-6 hours to empty Controls include volume & distention GASTRIN – Hormone released by pyloric cells in response to distention. Stimulates gastric motility. – Caffeine stimulates gastrin release

49. Controls of Stomach Motility ENTEROGASTRIC REFLEX – As duodenum distends, it inhibits gastric motility SECRETIN CHOLECYSTOKININ GASTRIC INIHIBITORY PEPTIDE

51. Gastric Secretion “Juice” Zymogenic Cells make Pepsinogen Parietal Cells make HCl – Alkaline blood following a meal Mucus Cells make protective mucus

53. Controls of Stomach Secretion GASTRIN Cephalic, Gastric & Intestinal phase of seeing and eating food ENTEROGASTRIC REFLEX GIP, CHOLECYSTOKININ, SECRETIN

57. Stomach Physiology Very little absorption