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Thematic Data & Spatial Symbology
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Thematic Data Language and style interrelates thematic data and spatial symbology Understanding this language allows us to: Use appropriate cartographic symbolization and standards Communicate messages better Critique maps using an analytical framework Make better maps
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Analytic Framework Spatial Dimension Spatial Characteristic
Level of Measurement Visual Variables
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Spatial Dimension Point Line Area Volume Space-Time
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Spatial Dimension Point . X Y Geographic Coordinates
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Spatial Dimension A Point has no extent or area 0 dimensional
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Dot Distribution Map Proportional Symbol Map
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Spatial Dimension Line Series of X 1 Dimension Y Length
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Qualitative Thematic Line Map
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Quantitative Thematic Line Map
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Is a line always a line?
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Spatial Dimension Found on base maps Area not thematic overlays
Enclosed Series of X, Y 2 Dimensional Length & Width
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Spatial Dimension Feature Model of Space
Maps as graphic representations Feature Model of Space
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Spatial Dimension + X Y Z Volume Thematic Overlay 3 Dimensions Area
Surface
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“Z” on thematic overlay
Qualitative Nominal Area Map
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Choropleth Map “Z” on thematic overlay Quantitative Volumetric Map
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Spatial Dimension Space-Time X, Y, Z + Time = 4 Dimensions
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Spatial Characteristic
Discrete Continuous Sequential
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= no Discrete Phenomenon Distinct locations in space
Does the phenomenon occur throughout an area? no Spatial Dimension = Point Phenomena
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= Continuous Phenomenon YES
Does the phenomenon occur throughout an area? YES Spatial Dimension = Area or Volumetric Phenomena
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Sequential Phenomena Series of points in a sequence
Spatial Dimension = Line
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Level of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Qualitative
non-numeric Ordinal Quantitative non-numeric Interval Quantitative numeric Ratio Quantitative numeric
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Nominal Least Accurate No Ordering Distinction in Category
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Ordinal No Numerical Differences in Kind Categorization & Ranking
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Interval Numerical Difference Between Categories
No Zero Point, Can’t Make Ratio Claim
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Ratio Same as Interval But Non-Arbitrary Zero Point
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Visual Variables Point Line Area Qualitative or Quantitative ? Form
Size Color Value Texture Orientation Point Line Area
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Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Interval Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?
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Spatial Dimension? Point Spatial Characteristic? Discrete Level of Measurement? Ratio Size = quantitative Visual Variable? Size Appropriate use of Visual Variable?
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Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Ordinal Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?
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Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Nominal Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?
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Spatial Dimension? Point Line Spatial Characteristic? Discrete Sequential Level of Measurement? Ratio Visual Variable? Color Size Color = qualitative Size = Quantitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?
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