1. Ground Deformation: Faulting and Folding Earthquakes and Mountain- Building

5. An Earthquake is a rapid vibration of the Earth’s surface created by a sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault.

7. Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus

9. Energy propagates in the form of seismic waves

10. L Waves S Waves

11. Sensitive instruments around the world record the event

12. Seismograph

14. What is a Fault or Fault line?

15. A Fault is a fracture in rock along which displacement has taken place- associated with a plate boundary. Faults can be active or inactive, and can be associated with either current or old plate boundaries.

20. Types of Faults

21. Normal

26. Reverse

29. Strike-slip

35. Focus- The location within the Earth where movement occurs, and an Earthquake originates. Epicenter- The location on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

36. What causes an Earthquake??

41. Where do Earthquakes occur?

44. So, how does energy released by slippage at a fault travel through the ground?

45. Energy from an Earthquake travels in seismic waves.

49. S-Wave Motion – “Up and Down” Motion

51. Surface Waves

52. Detecting and Locating Earthquakes

56. Seismograph: A device that records earthquake waves. Seismogram: The “picture” drawn by a seismograph.

64. How far is the epicenter of an earthquake from a seismic station, if the difference between the arrival time of the P and the S wave is 5 minutes?

67. Folding

79. Folding creates non-volcanic mountains

80. Folded Mountains

82. Domed Mountains

84. Fault-Block Mountains