1. Trench Warfare

2. What is trench warfare?

3. Military operations in which the opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than an open battlefield Strategy of defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches

4. Trench Diagrams

5. First Battle of the Marne French troops stop German advance Germans dig in and prepare to hold their ground Two massive systems of opposing trenches stretch for 400 miles across the western front

6. What was it like? “Men standing in slime for days and nights in field boots…lost all sense of feeling in their feet. These feet of theirs, so cold and wet, began to swell and then go ‘dead’ and then suddenly to burn as though touched by red hot pokers.” A picture of trench foot

7. “Nothing to see but bare mud walls, nowhere to sit but on a wet muddy ledge; no shelter of any kind against the weather except the clothes you are wearing; no exercise you can take in order to warm yourself.”

8. Trench Conditions Hopeless Bleak and uncomfortable Trenches ranged from simple holes to complex networks that were six to eight feet deep with rooms for sleeping and eating- handout Cold, wet, and dirty Many health problems- disease spreads rapidly Wide enough for 2 people to pass Little shelter from the elements Boring- could only repair trenches at night under cover of darkness Attacks came before dawn –Soldiers “go over the top” and are mowed down by machine gun

9. From trench to trench –Area in between trenches called “no- man’s land” 200 to 1000 yards Much of fighting took place here “Littered with the bodies of men”

10. For Thursday Pencils, Construction paper, plain white paper your imagination Draw your perspective as someone outside of the trench looking across the battlefield (artillery, tanks, no man’s land, barbed wire) Draw your perspective as someone in the trench looking around the trench (muddy walls, sandbags, filth) Each picture is worth 15 points Be Creative! Describe what trench warfare was like, and what life was like inside the trenches

11. All Quiet on the Western Front