2. The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE

3. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 1)

4. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman _____________________ _____ (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

5. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into _ classes (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

6. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) ________ – ____________ ____________________ (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

7. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) ________ – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

8. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – _______________ __________________ Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

9. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) _______ – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

10. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

11. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. ___________ ________________________ _________________________

12. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname - ______________

13. Class Structure in the Roman Republic Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes (1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest families (2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname – “tools that talked”

15. _______ (1) had the exclusive right _____ _______________________ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

16. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right _____ _______________________ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

17. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both ___ and ______ (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

18. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

19. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the ____ (b) ________________________ _________________________

20. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) ________________________ _________________________

21. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only ___ of the population

22. Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold offices both civil and religious (a) because of this, they had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only 10% of the population

23. (2) “patrician” __________________ __________________

24. (2) “patrician” derives from the ____ word for _____ (____)

25. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for _____ (____)

26. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (____)

27. (2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (pater)

28. (3) roles _________________ (a) __________________________ _____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

29. (3) roles that patricians played (a) __________________________ _____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

30. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

31. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

32. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) _________________________ ______________

33. (3) roles that patricians played (a) leaders and representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) businessmen (shipping companies, warehouses, etc.)

34. (4) everyday ______________ (a) marriage rules * _______________________ _____________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

35. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * _______________________ _____________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

36. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain _____ and __________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

37. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

38. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of __ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

39. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

40. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of __ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

41. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

42. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce _________ * _____________________ _________________

43. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce was common * _____________________ _________________

44. (4) everyday lives of patricians (a) marriage rules * people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the age of 13 * most men married around the age of 20 * men sought to marry women with large dowries * divorce was common * blended families with step- children were common

45. dowry (noun) - _____________ ________________ __________________

46. dowry (noun) - money or property brought by a bride to her husband at marriage

47. Note: Women were treated __________ __________________________ _____________

48. Note: Women were treated like property __________________________ _____________

49. Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to ________ _____________

50. Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to understand their inferiority.

51. They were also ___________________ _______

52. They were also encouraged to have ____ _______

53. They were also encouraged to have many children.

54. (5) patrician _____ (a) lived in ___________________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

55. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in ___________________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

56. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus - ___________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

57. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * ______________ * ______________________ _____

58. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * ______________________ _____

59. (5) patrician housing (a) lived in a domus – type of house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * had an indoor courtyard and garden

62. _______ (1) _____________________ _______

63. Plebeians (1) _____________________ _______

64. Plebeians (1) made up about __% of the population

65. Plebeians (1) made up about 90% of the population

66. (2) “plebeian” __________________ ________________________ (3) represented by ________________ _________________

67. (2) “plebeian” derives from the ____ word for ___________ (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

68. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for ___________ (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

69. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (____) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

70. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by ________________ _________________

71. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by ______ in the gov’t of the Roman Republic

72. (2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs) (3) represented by tribunes in the gov’t of the Roman Republic

73. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

74. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) ______ (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

75. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) ________________ (d) ________________________

76. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) small business owners (d) ________________________

77. (4) roles that plebeians played (a) farmers (b) artisans (c) small business owners (d) any other job you can think of

79. Note: The plebeians had ___________ ___________________________

80. Note: The plebeians had important jobs that kept society alive and running

81. (5) plebeian _____ (a) lived in ____________ __________________ * ____________________

82. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in ____________ __________________ * ____________________

83. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in _____ – large, overcrowded tenements * ____________________

84. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * ____________________

85. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * stood _ to __ stories high

86. (5) plebeian housing (a) lived in insulae – large, overcrowded tenements * stood 6 to 10 stories high

87. * rents ______________________ * ________________________ ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

88. * rents were often impossible to pay * ________________________ ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

89. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

90. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

91. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - _________________________ * very little _____

92. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little _____

93. * rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price - no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little privacy

94. (b) the world’s first ______________ __________ * ________________________ _________________________ __________

95. (b) the world’s first ________ were in ancient Rome * ________________________ _________________________ __________

96. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * ________________________ _________________________ __________

97. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * they would forever change the way the ___ and ____________ lived in cities

98. (b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome * they would forever change the way the poor and underprivileged lived in cities How?

99. Now, circle in colored pencil, every place in your notes where you used shorthand. When you are finished, please pass up your notes to the front of the row.

100. Can you name the group? (please don’t call it out)

101. (1) Find out where we are in this class (2) Hand-backs (3) Hand back shorthand notes (4) Reminders for tomorrow (Current events presenters, do you know what you are turning in?)

102. So…What the heck was the Roman Republic???

103. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 2)

104. The Founding of the Roman Republic

105. 753 – 509 BCE – _________________ ___________________ (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

106. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a _______ (ruled by a single person) (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

107. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

108. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _ Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) __________________________ _____

109. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) __________________________ _____

110. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) last Etruscan king – __________ _____

111. 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE (2) last Etruscan king – “Tarquin the Proud”

112. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – _________ ______ (1) 509 BCE – ________________ ______________ (a) story of ______

113. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________________ ______________ (a) story of ______

114. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________ kicked out Tarquin the Proud (a) story of ______

115. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – patricians kicked out Tarquin the Proud (a) story of ______

116. 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – patricians kicked out Tarquin the Proud (a) story of Lucretia

118. (2) patricians established _______ (a) _______________________ _______________________(b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

119. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic - _______________ _______________________(b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

120. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers(b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

121. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers(b) in the beginning, _________ controlled and ran the gov’t ____________________

122. (2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers(b) in the beginning, the wealthy controlled and ran the gov’t (did not trust lone rulers)

123. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic ____________ _____ (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

124. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had _ branches (parts) (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

125. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part ________________ _______________________ _______________ * this is called _________ _________________

126. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called _________ _________________

127. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

128. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

129. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of _________________

130. The Roman Republic The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts) (1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part * this is called a system of “checks and balances”

131. l.e.j.

132. 3 Branches _________________ (1) _______________________

133. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) _______________________

134. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) _____________ – make laws

135. 3 Branches of the Roman Republic (1) legislative branch – make laws

136. (a) _____ (like our _______) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - ____________________ ____

137. (a) _____ (like our Congress) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

138. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * __________________________ ______ * jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

139. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * ___ Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

140. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

141. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs – proposed laws - ____________ - handled daily problems of gov’t

142. (a) Senate (like our Congress) * 300 Senators - patricians chosen for life * jobs - proposed laws - advised consuls - handled daily problems of gov’t

143. (b) _______ * all _______________________ ___________________ ______ * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

144. (b) assembly * all _______________________ ___________________ ______ * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

145. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________

146. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - __________ - ____________

147. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - ____________

148. (b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians and patricians who are not in Senate) * jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - elected consuls

149. Patricians made up 90% of the population.

150. If the plebeians worked hard enough, they could become patricians.

151. The last Etruscan king of Rome was named Tarquin the Proud.

152. Roman women were treated like property.

153. Patricians controlled the government.

154. Male patricians and female patricians got married around age 13.

155. A domus was nicer than an insula.

156. The son of Tarquin the Proud killed Lucretia.

157. The legislative branch of the Roman Republic made the laws.

158. The Roman Senate was like our Congress.

159. (c) ______ * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs - ___________________ - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

160. (c) ______ * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

161. (c) tribunes * _____________________ _____ * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

162. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * ________________ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

163. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by _______ * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

164. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs – protected plebeian class - ____________________ __________________ _____________________

165. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs - protected plebeian class - could ___ any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if it was unfair to the plebeians

166. (c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in Senate * elected by assembly * jobs - protected plebeian class - could veto any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if it was unfair to the plebeians

167. The number of senators in Rome was initially a direct correlation to the number of tribes represented. In the earliest days of Rome traditionally under Romulus, when Rome consisted only of one tribe, the Ramnes, the senate consisted of one hundred members. Further incorporation of various tribes, such as the Tities and Luceres, increased accordingly the number of Senators to 300. Proposals throughout the Republic by various magistrates such as Gracchus, Livius Drusus, Sulla and Marius altered the membership from between 300 and 600. At times, prominent equestrian plebes were added en masse, or even common soldiers and freedman, as when Julius Caesar increased the senate roles to 900. With the accession of Augustus, the permanent foundation for senate numbers appears to have been fixed at 600, but this number also fluctuated throughout the empire at the whims of the emperors. http://www.unrv.com/empire/the-senate.php

169. (2) __________________________

170. (2) _____________ – carry out laws

171. (2) executive branch – carry out laws

172. (a) _____ (like our president) * ____________________________ ____ * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

173. (a) consuls (like our president) * ____________________________ ____ * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

174. (a) consuls (like our president) * _ consuls – each elected for _-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

175. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for _-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

176. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – ___________________ _____ - ____________________ _________ - ______

177. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - ____________________ _________ - ______

178. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (___) laws of other consul - ______

179. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (veto) laws of other consul - ______

180. (a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls - each elected for 1-year term * jobs – had to agree before law passed - could reject (veto) laws of other consul - led army

181. (3) ___________________________ ________________________ (a) ____________________

182. (3) ___________ – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ____________________

183. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ____________________

184. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ______ – judges of Rome

185. (3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) praetors – judges of Rome

186.  450 BCE – ___________________

187.  450 BCE – Law of _____________

188.  450 BCE – Law of the twelve tables

189. (1) ________________________ _________________________ _____________________

190. (1) written laws on _____ tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

191. (1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

192. (1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the Roman Forum so all could read and memorize it

193. (2) applied to _______________ _______

194. (2) applied to both ________ and _______

195. (2) applied to both patricians and _______

196. (2) applied to both patricians and plebeians

197. (3) big step ____________________ ____________ (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

198. (3) big step in the direction of a more ________ gov’t (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

199. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________ _____________

200. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______________________ _____________

201. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______ were finally able to hold public office

202. (3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t (a) 250 BCE - another big step – plebeians were finally able to hold public office

203. *** Note – In 27 BCE, ________ ___________________________ _____________________________

204. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended - ______________ _____________________________

205. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, ____________, took over the gov’t

206. *** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, Augustus Caesar, took over the gov’t

207. (1) Pass in Homework (2) New and Goods

208. (Top) 2 Consuls Preside over Senate Commander in Chief during war Supreme Judges when needed Veto power over each other Hold position 1 year

209. (Right) 10 Tribunes Protect rights of plebeians Veto power over laws

210. (Bottom Right) Assembly of Centuries Plebeians and patricians Elect Consuls Elect Censors… Elect Praetors… Could declare war or ratify peace treaties

211. (Bottom Left) Assembly of Tribes All plebeians Elect Tribunes Elect Questors (Treasurers) Enact laws Conduct minor trials

212. (Left) Senate 300 Senators Foreign and military matters Finances and public lands Appointments State religion Hold office